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目的了解宁夏回族和汉族儿童青少年血压现状及其影响因素,为宁夏回族汉族儿童青少年高血压的防治提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,于2013年9月在银川市区抽取小学、初中、高中学校共9所,在学生监护人及本人知情同意的基础上开展调查,对抽取的整个班级学生的血压、身高、体重、腰围和臀围情况进行调查,并测定血糖、血脂。对高血压的影响因素进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果共调查2 623人,男生1 298人(49.5%),女生1 325人(50.5%)。高血压检出率为18.3%,高值血压检出率为11.9%。不同性别间高血压检出率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.022,P>0.05),不同年龄组间高血压检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=105.214,P<0.01)。高血压检出率以11岁年龄组最高,回族高血压检出率低于汉族,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.273,P<0.05)。调查人群平均收缩压(SBP)为(106±12)mm Hg,平均舒张压(DBP)为(71±10)mm Hg。男生SBP为(108±12)mm Hg、女生为(105±12)mm Hg;男生DBP为(72±10)mm Hg,女生为(70±10)mm Hg。回族SBP为(106±12)mm Hg,DBP为(70±10)mm Hg,汉族SBP为(107±12)mm Hg,DBP为(71±10)mm Hg。BMI与SBP(r=0.365,P<0.05)及DBP(r=0.269,P<0.05)呈正相关,腰围身高比(WHt R)与SBP(r=0.241,P<0.05)及DBP(r=0.188,P<0.05)呈正相关,WHR与SBP(r=0.113,P<0.05)及DBP(r=0.091,P<0.05)呈正相关。经多因素logistic回归分析年龄(OR=0.779,95%CI:0.705~0.860)、BMI(OR=1.162,95%CI:1.049~1.287)、血糖(OR=0.694,95%CI:0.606~0.794)与高血压相关。结论加强儿童青少年的健康教育,加强体育锻炼,保证良好的饮食习惯,合理进食,以防止高血压的发生。
Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of blood pressure among Hui children and Han children in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of hypertension among Han and Hui children in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used. Nine primary, middle and high school schools were selected in September 2013 in Yinchuan urban area. Based on informed consent of the guardians of the students and themselves, the survey was conducted on the total number of students Blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference were investigated and blood glucose and blood lipids were measured. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on the influencing factors of hypertension. Results A total of 2 623 were investigated, including 1 298 boys (49.5%) and 1 325 girls (50.5%). High blood pressure detection rate was 18.3%, high blood pressure detection rate was 11.9%. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of hypertension among different sexes (χ2 = 0.022, P> 0.05). There was significant difference in the detection rate of hypertension among different age groups (χ2 = 105.214, P <0.01). The detection rate of hypertension was the highest in 11-year-old group, and the detection rate of hypertension in Hui was lower than Han nationality (χ2 = 7.273, P <0.05). The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) was (106 ± 12) mm Hg and mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was (71 ± 10) mm Hg. SBP was (108 ± 12) mm Hg for boys and 105 ± 12 mm Hg for girls; DBP was (72 ± 10) mm Hg for boys and 70 ± 10 mm Hg for girls. The SBP of Hui was (106 ± 12) mm Hg and the DBP was (70 ± 10) mm Hg. The SBP of Han was (107 ± 12) mm Hg and the DBP was (71 ± 10) mm Hg. BMI was positively correlated with SBP (r = 0.365, P <0.05) and DBP (r = 0.269, P <0.05) , P <0.05). There was a positive correlation between WHR and SBP (r = 0.113, P <0.05) and DBP (r = 0.091, P <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR = 0.779, 95% CI: 0.705-0.860), BMI (OR = 1.162, 95% CI: 1.049-1.287), blood glucose (OR = 0.694, 95% CI: 0.606-0.794) Related to high blood pressure. Conclusion Strengthen the health education of children and adolescents, strengthen their physical activity, ensure good eating habits and eat rationally to prevent the occurrence of hypertension.