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对无压渗透制备碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料工艺进行了探索，并利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜对其组织进行了观察，用ｘ射线衍射仪对复合材料组成相进行了分析。结果表明：采用无压渗透技术，可以制备碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料；熔融的基体合金对碳化硅颗粒预制体渗透完全；其过程存在Ａｌ与ＳｉＣ的化学反应，产物为Ｓｉ和碳化铝（Ａ１４Ｃ３），其中Ｓｉ进入基体中，Ａｌ４Ｃ３能与大气中水汽发生化学反应，结果使碳化硅铝基复合材料存放一定时间后发生龟裂和粉化。为限制Ａｌ与Ｓｉ反应，可向基体中加入适量的Ｓｉ元素，可使电裂与粉化问题得到解决。
The process of pressureless infiltration preparation of silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite was explored. The microstructure of the composite was observed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The composition of the composite was analyzed by x-ray diffraction. The results show that the silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites can be prepared by pressureless infiltration technique. The molten matrix alloy penetrates completely into the SiC preform. The chemical reaction between Al and SiC exists in the process. The products are Si and aluminum carbide A14C3), in which Si enters the matrix, Al4C3 can react with the water vapor in the atmosphere to cause cracking and pulverization of the SiC-based composite after a certain period of storage. In order to limit the reaction between Al and Si, a suitable amount of Si can be added to the matrix to solve the problems of electrocrystallization and chalking.