在计算机硬件价格下降、计算机网络拓扑发展的情况下,分布式计算机系统给用户提供了一个丰富的资源集合。人们在研究分布式系统时,就注意到了这样一个问题:在一个由网络所连接起来的多计算机环境中,在某一时刻,一些计算机的负载极重,而另外一些计算机的负载极为空闲。平衡各计算机之间的负载是任务分配与调度的一个主要目标, In the case of falling prices of computer hardware and the development of computer network topologies, distributed computer systems provide users with a rich set of resources. When people research distributed systems, they noticed the problem that in a multi-computer environment connected by a network, at some point, some computers are heavily loaded while others are extremely idle. Balancing the load between computers is a major objective of task allocation and scheduling,