我们如何从“学会”历史到“会学历史”,进而达到“独立地学好历史”呢?我认为首先要学会阅读历史教科书.中学历史教科书包括目录、课文、地图、插图、注释、习题和大事年表六个部分,这六个部分相辅相成,紧密结合、组成一个有机的整体.学生阅读时,必须全面注意,不可忽略任何一部分.一、学会读目录、章节和标题课本目录是课本的骨架,章节标题是课本文字的纲目,读目录能找到历史发展的基本线索.如:阅读《中国历史》第三编的目录就可了解中国封建社会的五个阶段及基本线索,读章节标题就能找出历史发展的内在联系.如读中国现代史“中国红色政权的建立”一章中的三节标题,从中可得启示.人民军队的创立、革命根据地的建立和发展、土地革命的开展和红军三次围剿的胜利这四个方面,在中国红色政权建立过程中,互相依存、缺一不可.最后,还要从读章节目录中找出历史进程的特点或重点,如从中国封建社会第二阶段标题中,可知三国两晋南北朝356年历史过程特点是“分裂”、“融合”.二、学会读课文阅读教科书是中学生良学历史的基本途径.读课文时,首先要重点看教材根据什么史实,得出什么结论,接着要分析和理清层次.如历史事件的背景(原因或条件)、过程(内容)结局(意义、评价或成败原因)三个层次要—一搞清楚.然后要提 How do we learn from “learning” history to “learning history” and then “achieving history independently?” I think we must first learn to read history textbooks. Middle school history textbooks include catalogues, texts, maps, illustrations, notes, exercises and events. In the six parts of the chronology, these six parts complement each other and are closely combined to form an organic whole. When students read, they must pay full attention and must not overlook any part. First, learn to read the catalogue, chapters, and titles. The textbook list is the skeleton of the textbook. The chapter titles are the outlines of textbook texts. Reading the list can find the basic clues of historical development. For example, reading the catalogue of the third edition of “Chinese History” can understand the five phases and basic clues of the feudal society in China. The intrinsic link of historical development, such as the reading of the three sections in the chapter titled “Establishment of China’s Red Power” in the modern history of China, can be derived from this. The establishment of the People’s Army, the establishment and development of revolutionary bases, the development of the Agrarian Revolution, and the Red Army three times The four aspects of the victory of the encirclement were interdependent and indispensable in the establishment of the Chinese Red Power. Finally, the From the reading of the chapter catalogue, find out the characteristics or key points of the historical process. For example, from the title of the second stage of the feudal society in China, we can see that the historical process of the 356 years of the Three Kingdoms, South Shanxi, and Northern and Southern Dynasties was characterized by “splitting” and “convergence.” 2. Learning to read texts and reading textbooks It is a basic approach for secondary school students to study history. When reading a lesson, we must first focus on what historical facts the textbooks are based on, and draw conclusions. Then we must analyze and clarify the levels. For example, the background (reason or condition) and process (content) of historical events. The outcomes (meaning, evaluation, or success or failure) are three levels - one is clear, and then the other is