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运筹学最早是从作战研究开始的。在第二次世界大战初期,英国为了对付德国的飞机和潜艇的袭击,研究了如何发挥英方的雷达、飞机、高炮和深水炸弹等武器装备的效能。他们搜集了有关的情报资料,进行统计分析;建立了各主要因素之间的数量关系;创造了数学模型;运用数学工具进行求解或者模拟以得到答案。这为采取适当的对策提供了依据,在对德军的作战中取得了明显的战果。战后,这些在战争中形成的方法和经验得到了总结,并以运筹学的名字出现。从此以后,运筹学的内容不断地得到了发展和充实,特别是电子计算机的普遍应用,使运筹学进一步得到了丰富和提高。
Operational research first started with combat research. In the early days of the Second World War, the United Kingdom studied how to use British radar, aircraft, antiaircraft guns, and deepwater bombs to counter the effects of German aircraft and submarines. They collected relevant intelligence data, conducted statistical analysis, established quantitative relationships between major factors, created mathematical models, and used mathematical tools to solve or simulate them to obtain answers. This provided the basis for taking appropriate countermeasures and achieved significant results in the battle against the Germans. After the war, these methods and experiences formed during the war were summarized and appeared in the name of operations research. Since then, the content of operations research has been continuously developed and enriched, especially the universal application of electronic computers, which has further enriched and improved operations research.