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译者阅读汉语典籍时采取的是基于语境的理解方式,而译语读者习惯的是基于言语的理解方式。理解方式之不同决定了典籍英译过程中语境重构至关重要,如语境重构不当,将不可避免地导致文化误读的发生。成功重构语境,须先厘清语境重构内容、方式与标准三者之间的辩证关系。就典籍英译而言,语境重构实质上是以典籍英译交际各方认知为基础,内容乃语境假设与语境效果之同一,方式乃忠实于原作者信息意图之语境顺应,标准乃忠实伦理与交往伦理之统一。结合对《孙子兵法·九地篇》Mair英译本语境重构方式的比较分析,基于认知的语境重构标准可以对译者是否成功地重构语境做出客观评判。
When translators read Chinese classics, they adopt a context-based approach to comprehension, whereas target language readers are accustomed to speech-based understanding. The different ways of understanding determine the importance of context reconstruction in the process of English translation of Chinese classics. For example, improper context reconstruction will inevitably lead to cultural misreading. To successfully reconstruct the context, we must first clarify the dialectical relationship among the content, methods and standards of contextual reconstruction. As far as English translation of Chinese classics is concerned, the reconstruction of context is essentially based on the cognition of all parties involved in the English translation of the classics. The content is the same as the contextual assumption and the mode of contextual conformity to the original author’s information intention The standard is the unity of faithful ethics and communicative ethics. Based on a comparative analysis of contextual reconstruction of Mair’s English versions of The Art of War by Nine Verses, the cognitive-based contextual reconstruction criterion can objectively judge whether the translator succeeds in reconstructing the context.