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合成词中,有的词是自由语素或半自由语素与不自由语素构成的,如“桌子、老师、砖头、美化”等,其中“子、老头、化”都没有什么具体的词汇意义,只具有一定的语法意义,在词中起辅助作用,所以又把它们叫作构词的辅助成分,是不自由语素。这些不自由语素往往成了某一词类的标志,如“子”加在某些自由语素的后面,使这个词成了名词,所以“子”就是名词的标志;“化”加在某些自由或半自由语素后面,就成了动词的标志,等等。这就是不自由语素在合成词中所表示的语法意义。
Among the composite words, some words are composed of free morphemes or semi-free morphemes and non-free morphemes, such as “tables, teachers, bricks, and beautification”. Among them, “children, old man, and deification” do not have any specific lexical meaning. It has a certain grammatical meaning and plays an auxiliary role in words. Therefore, they are called auxiliary components of word formation. They are not free morphemes. These incoherent morphemes often become a sign of a certain word class. For example, “child” is added behind certain free morphemes, making the word a noun, so “child” is a sign of a noun; “hua” is added to certain freedoms. After a semi-free morpheme, it becomes a sign of a verb, and so on. This is the grammatical meaning of non-free morphemes expressed in compound words.