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目的探讨2011-2013年宁波市鄞州区手足口病病原学与若干流行病学特征之间的关系。方法采集3年间1015例手足口病临床诊断病例的标本进行病原学检测并分析病原学监测结果。从中国疾病控制信息系统导出3年间的手足口病疫情数据,统计3年间每个季度的发病率、聚集性疫情数、重症率及重复感染率,并分析此4大流行病学特征与病原学之间的变化关系。结果 3年中优势病毒不断变化,2011年第1-3季度以肠道病毒71型(EV71)为主,2011年第4季度至2012年第2季度以柯萨奇病毒A组16型(Cox A16)为主,2012年第3季度至2013第4季度以Cox A6为主。2011年发病率随季节变化明显,重症率最高;2012年发病率随季节变化明显,聚集性疫情数最多;2013年发病率曲线随季节变化不明显,重复感染率最高。结论提示EV71及Cox A16可能受季节因素影响明显,EV71致病严重程度最强,Cox A16传染性最强,Cox A6受季节影响不明显,呈全年流行态势,随着其他肠道病毒的增多,重复感染率增高。
Objective To explore the relationship between hand foot and mouth disease etiology and some epidemiological characteristics in Yinzhou district from 2011 to 2013. Methods A total of 1015 cases of hand, foot and mouth disease were collected during the past three years for pathogenic detection and analysis of etiological surveillance results. Data of hand-foot-mouth disease outbreaks in three years were derived from China’s disease control information system, and the incidence rates of each quarter, the number of concentrated epidemic diseases, the rate of severe diseases and the rate of repeated infections in each of the three years were calculated. The four epidemiological characteristics and etiology The relationship between the changes. Results The prevalence of dominant virus in three years was continuously changing. In the first three quarters of 2011, the predominant virus was enterovirus 71 (EV71). From the fourth quarter of 2011 to the second quarter of 2012, Coxsackie A virus type 16 (Cox A16), the third quarter of 2012 to the fourth quarter of 2013 mainly Cox A6. In 2011, the morbidity changed significantly with the seasons and the highest rate of severe diseases. The morbidity changed significantly with the seasons in 2012 with the highest number of aggregated outbreaks. The incidence rate of 2013 was not obvious with seasons, and the rate of repeated infection was the highest. The results suggest that EV71 and Cox A16 may be significantly affected by seasonal factors, EV71 has the strongest severity of infection, Cox A16 has the strongest infectivity, and Cox A6 has no significant seasonal effect, showing an annual epidemic trend. With the increase of other enteroviruses , Repeated infection rate increased.