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在水源保护区16.5°的坡耕地上,通过3种种植模式(玉米+小麦、牧草混播、黄梨+绿肥)进行连续3年水土保持试验,研究水源保护区坡耕地水土保持效应。结果表明:1)与玉米+小麦习惯轮作模式相比,牧草混播及黄梨+绿肥种植模式降低径流量、土壤流失量、养分流失量分别为27.7%、44.2%、38.0%及14.4%、20.9%、27.9%,牧草混播及黄梨+绿肥2种种植模式都能有效地降低水土及养分流失,并且效果随着年限延长而增加;2)在肥料施用量比玉米+小麦种植模式减少34.0%的条件下,牧草混播种植模式的纯收益仍能与玉米+小麦轮作模式持平;黄梨+绿肥种植模式纯收益比玉米+小麦种植模式提高5.9%,梨树盛果期以后,产值还有很大提升空间;3)从水土保持角度看,牧草混播种植模式的效果最好,从经济角度分析,黄梨+绿肥种植模式效益最高,二者都可作为水源保护区种植结构调整及坡耕地综合治理的较好模式。
Three years of soil and water conservation experiments were carried out on three types of cropland (corn + wheat, pasture mixture, yellow pear + green manure) on sloping farmland at a water conservation area of 16.5 ° to study the effects of soil and water conservation on sloping farmland in water source protection areas. The results showed that: 1) Compared with the habitual rotation mode of corn and wheat, the mixed runoff of grass and yellow pear + green manure reduced the runoff, soil loss and nutrient loss by 27.7%, 44.2%, 38.0% and 14.4%, 20.9 %, 27.9% respectively. The two planting modes of forage grass and yellow pear + green manure could effectively reduce water and soil loss and nutrient loss, and the effect increased with the extension of years; 2) When the fertilizer application rate was reduced by 34.0% , The net yield of forage mixed planting mode can still be the same as that of corn + wheat rotation mode; the net profit of yellow pear + green manure planting mode is 5.9% higher than that of corn + wheat planting mode; the output value of pear Large increase of space; 3) from the perspective of soil and water conservation, pasture mixed planting mode of planting the best, from an economic point of view, Huang Peili + green manure planting model is the highest benefit, both as water conservation zone planting structure adjustment and slope farmland synthesis A better model of governance.