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高敏受者肾移植术后发生超急性和急性排斥反应风险明显增加。针对供者的特异性抗体及记忆性T细胞在高敏受者肾移植排斥反应中起关键作用,是制约移植成功和移植物的长期存活的主要障碍。寻找有效的脱敏方法是当前移植临床的重大挑战之一。本文总结分析接受脱敏疗法受者的临床资料,探讨当前临床脱敏方法的效果,包括急、慢性抗体介导排斥反应的发生率,新型脱敏制剂的使用及高敏受者治疗策略的方向。
High-sensitivity recipients have a significantly increased risk of hyperacute and acute rejection after renal transplantation. Specific antibodies against donors and memory T cells play a key role in renal allograft rejection in hypersensitive recipients and are a major impediment to successful transplantation and long-term graft survival. Finding an effective desensitization method is one of the major clinical challenges in current transplantation. This article summarizes the clinical data of recipients of desensitization therapy and discusses the effect of current clinical desensitization methods, including the incidence of acute and chronic antibody-mediated rejection, the use of new desensitization preparations and the direction of treatment strategies for hypersensitive recipients.