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根据我国铁路技术装备发展的需要,开展低合金高强度贝氏体钢轨的实验室研究及工业性试制、显微组织及性能试验研究、焊接性能及铺设使用研究。结果表明:贝氏体钢轨具有优良的强韧性配合,室温抗拉强度达到1 240MPa,断后伸长率15.3%,平均冲击功达到142J,-20℃断裂韧性KIC为48MPa.m1/2;钢轨全断面显微组织为无碳化物贝氏体;焊接性能研究结果表明:贝氏体钢轨具有良好的焊接性,其接触焊、气压焊和铝热焊接头的各项性能均达到我国铁路钢轨的铺设使用要求。试铺结果表明:贝氏体钢轨的耐磨性能与高强度热处理钢轨相当,抗接触疲劳伤损性能突出,综合使用性能优于珠光体型热处理钢轨及热轧钢轨。
According to the development of China’s railway technology and equipment needs, to carry out low-alloy high-strength bainitic rail laboratory research and industrial trial, microstructure and properties of experimental research, welding performance and laying of the use of research. The results show that the bainitic rail has excellent strength and toughness. The tensile strength at room temperature reaches 1 240MPa, the after-break elongation is 15.3%, the average impact energy reaches 142J and the fracture toughness KIC at -20 ℃ is 48MPa.m1 / 2. The microstructure of the section is carbides-free bainite. The results of the research on the welding performance show that the bainitic rail has good weldability, and the properties of the contact welding, the gas pressure welding and the aluminum thermal welding joint all reach the laying of the railroad track in our country Requirements. The test results show that the wear resistance of the bainitic rail is comparable to that of the high-strength heat-treated rail, the contact fatigue resistance is outstanding, and the comprehensive performance is better than that of the pearlite heat-treated rail and the hot-rolled rail.