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SiO2/聚合物核壳型杂化粒子及其空心结构以其独特的形貌在药物控制释放、催化剂载体、生物医药等领域应用前景广阔,引起了人们的广泛关注。本文着重从乳液聚合法、仿生矿化法等制备方法角度阐述了SiO2/聚合物核壳型杂化粒子及其空心结构的研究进展。乳液聚合制备SiO2/聚合物核壳型杂化粒子简单易行,一般需要预先合成SiO2纳米粒子,其合成过程通常需要一些非理想的条件,如高温高压、极端pH、昂贵或有毒的有机试剂等,而且预先合成的SiO2粒子无法与聚合物实现100%匹配,即总有纯的聚合物粒子存在。相比之下,原位仿生矿化法制备SiO2杂化粒子不仅在环境条件下可进行,而且能够精确控制其纳米尺度的形态及分级有序结构。目前对材料科学家来讲,要使人工合成SiO2/聚合物杂化粒子实现像自然生物硅那样优异的性能,仍然是很大的挑战。
SiO2 / polymer core-shell hybrid particles and their hollow structure with its unique morphology in the controlled release of drugs, catalyst carriers, biomedicine and other fields have broad application prospects, aroused widespread concern. This article focuses on the research progress of the SiO2 / polymer core-shell hybrid particles and their hollow structures from the point of view of emulsion polymerization, bionic mineralization and other preparation methods. Emulsion polymerization preparation of SiO2 / polymer core-shell hybrid particles is easy and generally requires pre-synthesis of SiO2 nanoparticles, the synthesis process usually requires some non-ideal conditions, such as high temperature and pressure, extreme pH, expensive or toxic organic reagents , And pre-synthesized SiO2 particles can not achieve 100% match with the polymer, that is, there is always pure polymer particles exist. In contrast, in-situ biomimetic mineralization of SiO2 hybrid particles prepared not only under ambient conditions, but also to precisely control the morphology and graded ordered structure of its nanoscale. At present, it is still a big challenge for material scientists to make synthetic SiO2 / polymer hybrid particles as excellent as natural biological silicon.