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在土方施工中,需要查验河坡是否达到规定的工程标准。根据几何定理:“直角三角形的两边两两垂直,则此两直角三角形相似,相当边成比例。”可以制作一个“验坡尺”:用5×4厘米的硬木条,刨光,要求平直,做成一相互垂直的“(?)”字形尺,长边2米,短边0.7米;在短边的0.6米处钻一小孔,孔中穿一根琴弦,弦一端系一垂球,弦在孔中可自由伸缩。当河坡为1:1时,垂球在长边上亦指向0.6米处,刻上刻度(琴弦即为直角三角形的斜边);当河坡为1:2时,垂球在长边上指0.3米处,刻上刻度;当河坡为1:3时,垂球在长边上指0.2米处,刻上刻度;余类推。使用时,长边贴置河坡上,短边垂直于河坡,琴弦铅垂于地平线,则可直接读出实有的坡比。
In earthwork construction, it is necessary to check whether the river reaches the required engineering standards. According to the geometric theorem: “The two sides of a right-angled triangle are perpendicular to each other, so the two right-angled triangles are similar and their edges are proportional.” You can make a “test slope ruler”: use 5 × 4 cm hardwood strips to planed , Required to be flat, made of a perpendicular to each other “(?) ” Shaped ruler, long side 2 meters, short side 0.7 meters; 0.6 meters in the short side drill a small hole, hole to wear a string One end of the string is a vertical ball, the string in the hole can be freely scalable. When the river slope is 1: 1, the vertical axis also points 0.6 meters on the long edge, engraved on the scale (the string is the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle); when the river slope is 1: 2, On the top of 0.3 meters, engraved on the scale; when the river is 1: 3, the ball on the long edge refers to 0.2 meters, engraved on the scale; Use, the long side of the placement of the river, the short side perpendicular to the river, the strings perpendicular to the horizon, you can directly read the actual slope ratio.