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目的了解湖北省十堰市医护人员和实习生对职业防护知识的掌握情况及防护意识,为今后开展职业防护教育提供依据。方法对该市3所医疗机构中的178名医护人员和138名实习医学生采用自行设计的问卷进行调查,对问卷结果进行统计学分析,根据问卷结果提出应对措施。结果医护人员对职业危害的认知和担忧程度明显高于实习生(P<0.05)。医护人员认为最可能对自身造成伤害的是心理因素危害(89.33%)、X线辐射(87.64%)和生理因素危害(76.97%);50%的实习生担忧X线辐射对自己产生伤害,预防针刺伤的方法和对用过的注射器针头的处理方法两项护士的认知情况优于医生(P<0.05),其他核心内容认知状况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。除知晓针刺伤可能感染血液传播性疾病一项医护人员与实习生认知情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)外,其他内容医护人员认知情况均明显优于实习生(P<0.05)。结论医护人员对职业防护的认知度高,心理因素是医务人员所面临的最大危害,应对其加强心理疏导与教育;实习生对职业防护认知度差,对职业危害相关防护知识认识不足,应加强对实习生的职业防护健康教育,这对实习生在实习期间更好地自我保护与工作学习意义重大。
Objective To understand the mastery of occupational protection knowledge and protection awareness among medical staff and intern in Shiyan City, Hubei Province, and to provide the basis for carrying out occupational protection education in the future. Methods A total of 178 health care workers and 138 intern medical students from 3 medical institutions in the city were surveyed by self-designed questionnaire, and the results of the questionnaire were statistically analyzed. Based on the questionnaire results, the countermeasures were put forward. Results The degree of cognition and worry about occupational hazards of medical staff was significantly higher than that of interns (P <0.05). Psychological factors (89.33%), X-ray radiation (87.64%) and physiological factors (76.97%) were the most likely health-care workers to think harm themselves. Fifty percent of the interns worried that X-ray radiation could cause harm to themselves and prevent The two nurses’ cognition was better than that of doctors (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in other core contents between the two methods (P> 0.05). In addition to knowing that acupuncture may have blood-borne diseases, there is no significant difference in cognitive status between medical staff and interns (P> 0.05) ). Conclusion The cognition of occupational protection is very high for medical staff. Psychological factors are the greatest harm to medical staff, so psychological counseling and education should be strengthened. Interns have poor cognition of occupational protection, lack of understanding of protective knowledge about occupational hazards, Occupational protection and health education for trainees should be strengthened, which is of great significance to interns for better self-protection and work-study during the internship.