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【目的】研究种植密度、摘心次数、采摘时间与雪菊产量、品质之间的关系,综合各个指标,筛选出雪菊栽培技术措施组合。【方法】采用正交试验设计方法,通过测定4个不同时间段、不同处理的雪菊产量、活性成分(总黄酮、绿原酸、总氨基酸、茶多酚、总糖)含量,进行方差分析。【结果】雪菊生长状况和产量表现最好的是处理7(种植密度40 cm×25 cm,不摘心,每天采摘)和处理6(种植密度40 cm×20 cm,摘心2次,每天采摘)。处理7的干花总产量达53.52 kg/667 m~2,总黄酮含量为13.51%,绿原酸含量为0.55%,总氨基酸含量为10.78%,茶多酚含量为10.27%,总糖含量为14.85%;处理6干花总产量达50.49 kg/667 m~2,总黄酮含量为13.79%,绿原酸含量为0.57%,总氨基酸含量为10.69%,茶多酚含量为10.54%,总糖含量为17.04%;虽然处理6的产量较高,但考虑到生产上摘心2次会增加劳动力成本,因而不推荐作为合理的栽培措施组合。雪菊产量和品质均表现较好的是处理1(种植密度40 cm×15 cm,不摘心,每天采摘),其产量仅低于处理6和处理7,为45.81 kg/667 m~2,总黄酮含量为15.46%,绿原酸含量为0.45%,总氨基酸含量为12.40%,茶多酚含量为10.65%,总糖含量为14.39%。其余处理在植株生长状况、产量和品质方面表现不够突出;处理3(种植密度40 cm×15 cm,摘心2次,3 d采摘一次)在产量和品质方面均表现较差。【结论】不同种植密度、摘心次数及采摘时间对雪菊植株生长及开花、产量和品质均有一定的影响。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to study the relationship between planting density, number of topping, picking time and yield and quality of snow daisy, and to synthesize various combinations of snowdrop cultivation techniques according to various indexes. 【Method】 The orthogonal experiment design was used to determine the contents of active ingredients (total flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, total amino acids, tea polyphenols, total sugar) in 4 different time periods, . 【Result】 The results showed that the best condition for the growth and yield of Sophora japonica was treatment 7 (planting density 40 cm × 25 cm, picking without picking heart) and treatment 6 (planting density 40 cm × 20 cm, . Total dry matter yield of treatment 7 reached 53.52 kg / 667 m ~ 2, total flavonoid content was 13.51%, chlorogenic acid content was 0.55%, total amino acid content was 10.78%, tea polyphenol content was 10.27% and total sugar content was 14.85 %. The total yield of dried flowers was 50.49 kg / 667 m ~ 2, the total flavonoids content was 13.79%, the content of chlorogenic acid was 0.57%, the total amino acid content was 10.69% and the content of tea polyphenols was 10.54% 17.04%. Although the yield of treatment 6 is higher, it is not recommended as a reasonable combination of cultivation measures considering that the labor cost will increase due to the fact that the production of top picks will increase twice. The yield and quality of snow daisy both performed well 1 (planting density 40 cm × 15 cm, without picking the heart, picking every day), and its yield was only lower than that of treatment 6 and treatment 7, which was 45.81 kg / 667 m 2 Flavonoids content of 15.46%, chlorogenic acid content of 0.45%, total amino acid content of 12.40%, tea polyphenols content of 10.65%, the total sugar content of 14.39%. The other treatments did not perform well in plant growth status, yield and quality. Treatment 3 (planting density of 40 cm × 15 cm, 2-in-pin picking and picking once every 3 days) showed poor performance in yield and quality. 【Conclusion】 The effects of different planting densities, number of times of picking and picking time on the growth, flowering, yield and quality of snowdrop plants were all affected.