对2019年6月海南省妇女儿童医学中心收治的1例煤油致化学性肺炎患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。患儿，男，2岁1个月，临床特点为明确的煤油误吸史、发热；左侧呼吸音减弱，双肺闻及干湿啰音；白细胞(WBC)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)明显升高；胸部CT示吸入性肺炎，胸水彩超示左侧中量胸腔积液。予抗生素、雾化等治疗，病程第12天体温正常，左侧呼吸音增强，复查WBC、CRP及ESR明显好转，但肺通气功能存在轻中度阻塞性病变。出院14 d，仍咳嗽，CT明显好转，但仍有轻中度阻塞性病变。随着日常煤油应用的减少，此类患者较罕见。但煤油误吸致化学性肺炎临床表现多样且复杂，肺部炎症吸收慢，气道阻塞持续时间久，需警惕进展为慢性咳嗽。“,”The clinical data of a child with chemical pneumonia caused by kerosene in Hainan Maternal and Children′s Medical Center in June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.The patient was a 2 years and 1 month old boy with a history of kerosene inhalation and fever.The clinical features included low breath sounds in the left lung and dry and wet rales in both lungs.The white blood cells (WBC) level, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and erythrocyte se-dimentation rate (ESR) were significantly increased.Chest CT showed inhalation pneumonia.Chest ultrasound suggested medium pleural effusion on the left side.The patient was given antibiotics, nebulization and other treatment.On the 12n th day of the course of the disease, his temperature returned to normal, and breath sounds on the left side were stronger than before.The WBC level, CRP level and ESR were improved according to the re-check results, but pulmonary ventilation was still obstructed mildly to moderately.Fourteen days after hospital discharge, the patient coughed less.Reexamination of chest CT prompted the lesions were further absorbed, but the mild to moderate obstructive lesions were still observed.With the reduction of kerosene use in daily life, kerosene-induced chemical pneumonia is rare, but due to its diverse and complex clinical manifestations and slow absorption of pulmonary inflammation, attention should be paid to its progression into chronic cough.n