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16世纪40年代,欧洲人(葡萄牙人)首次登陆日本。其后,他们在日本进行长达100年的传教和经商,日本和欧洲史学界称这一时期为“切支丹时代”或“切支丹世纪”。在双方的贸易中,欧洲人从日本运走大量白银,白银成为日本最主要的输出品,这足以引起学者们的重视。本文从分析日本白银的开采冶炼着手,继而论述日本白银被大量运出的原因,然后统计了日欧白银交易的具体数据,并以此作为研究分析的基础。经研究发现,日本白银不但是日欧贸易中重要而特殊的商品,还是16—17世纪东西方交流交往的集中体现。欧洲人从日本运出白银不但促进了欧亚的经济交流,还推动了世界交通和贸易的发展。
In the 1640s, Europeans (Portuguese) landed in Japan for the first time. Since then, they have been teaching and conducting business in Japan for 100 years. Japanese and European historians have described this period as “the era of Cheyennean” or “the century of Cheyenne.” In the trade between the two sides, Europeans shipped large quantities of silver from Japan and silver became the most important export product in Japan, enough to arouse the attention of scholars. This article begins with the analysis of Japanese silver mining and smelting, and then discusses the reason why Japanese silver is shipped out in large quantities. Then, it analyzes the specific data of Japanese-European silver trading and uses it as the basis for research and analysis. The study found that Japanese silver is not only an important and special commodity in the trade between Japan and Europe, but also a concentrated embodiment of East-West exchange and interaction in the 16th and 17th centuries. The shipment of silver from Japan by Europeans not only promoted economic exchanges between Europe and Asia, but also promoted world traffic and trade.