运用对比分析的方法对山杨（ Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓ ｄａｖｉｄｉａｎａ Ｄｏｄｅ） 和大叶山杨（ Ｐ．ｄａｖｉｄｉａｎａ ｖａｒ．ｍａｃｒｏｐｈｙｌｌａ Ｇ．Ｌ．Ｚｈａｎｇ） 木材的解剖特征、纤维形态等进行了较详细的观察、测定与分析，对２ 种木材的气干密度、干缩系数、顺纹抗压强度、顺纹抗拉强度、抗震强度、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、冲击韧性、硬度、抗劈力强度等进行了对比研究；对２ 种木材的冷水抽出物、热水抽出物、质量分数为１ ％ 的ＮａＯＨ 抽出物、乙醚抽出物、苯醇抽出物、ｐＨ 值、纤维素含量、半纤维素含量、木素含量等化学成分进行了测定．结果表明，２ 种木材解剖特征相近，大叶山杨的力学强度值略高于山杨，抽出物质量分数比山杨低，细胞壁物质质量分数比山杨高 The anatomical characteristics and fiber morphology of Populus davidiana Dode and P.davidiana var. Macrophylla G.L.Zhang were studied and analyzed in detail by comparative analysis. The air-dry density, dry shrinkage coefficient, compressive strength along parallel lines, tensile strength along parallel lines, seismic strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact toughness, hardness and tensile strength were compared Cold water extract, hot water extract, 1% NaOH extract, ether extract, benzene extract, pH value, cellulose content, hemicellulose content, lignin content Other chemical components were measured. The results showed that the anatomical characteristics of the two wood species were similar, and the mechanical strength of Populus euphratica was slightly higher than that of Populus euphratica. The content of extractives was lower than that of Populus euphratica and the mass fraction of cell wall was higher than that of Populus euphratica