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本文在电视录音语料的基础上对汉语感叹句的标记类别及使用面貌进行总体描述,并对汉语感叹语调的语音特征进行测量与研究。研究发现,在实际话语中,各类标记类感叹句相对于无标记类感叹句在数量上占有绝对优势,在发现的十二类语法标记中,尤以语气副词和句末语气助词的使用频率最高。总体而言,汉语感叹语调的主要语音特征是强重音与宽调域,调尾音阶也通常较低。在感叹语调内部,总存在一个或多个强重音,且强重音的位置可能位于调首、调中、调尾或全调。调阶与调域在感叹语调的表情过程中各有不同的功能,前者主要反映说话时情绪的兴奋度的高低,而后者主要提示感叹时的语势的强弱。此外,感叹语调调首、调尾音阶的高低主要受到重音模式与语气的缓急的影响。感叹标记对于非典型感叹语调的判别有重要作用。
In this paper, based on the audiovisual transcripts, the general description of the tagging categories and using aspects of the Chinese exclamatory sentences is given, and the phonetic features of Chinese exclamatory intonations are measured and studied. The study found that, in practical discourse, the exclamatory sentences of various types of marks occupy an absolute superiority in quantity as compared with those of unmarked exclamatory sentences. Among the twelve grammar marks discovered, the frequency of use of modal adverbs and modal particles highest. In general, the main phonetic features of Chinese exclamatory intonation are the strong accent and the wide-tone domain, and the down-truncation scales are usually lower. There is always one or more strong accents inside the exclamation intonation, and the position of the strong accent may be at the head, center, tail, or full tone. Tweaking and adjusting fields have different functions in the expressions of exclamatory intonation. The former mainly reflects the level of excitement of emotions when speaking, while the latter mainly suggests the strength of the gestures when sighing. In addition, lament tone tone first, tune the level of the scale is mainly affected by stress patterns and tone of the urgency. Sigh marks for atypical exclamation intonation of the discriminant plays an important role.