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“口头性”被认为是民间文学的最主要特征,口头传承也被认为是民间文学作品最主要传承手段。通过田野调查,笔者发现在民众生活中,传承民间文学作品的手段和教科书上的讲授出入很大。沂源县牛郎官庄的牛郎织女传说传承,民众不只有面对面口传心授的在场交流,还依靠当地牛郎庙、织女洞等庙宇建筑空间;每年三月三、七月七的织女洞庙会;当地孙氏家族保存的孙氏族谱及庙观周围的碑刻等多种样式讲述传承牛郎织女传说。总之,笔者认为在此地空间传承、行为传承、文献传承和口头传承共同担负着传承牛郎织女传说的责任。笔者无意颠覆现场口头叙事是民间文学的重要传承手段,只是强调民间文学的传承手段应该和它所包含的内容一样丰富多元。
Orality is regarded as the most important feature of folk literature. Oral transmission is also considered as the most important means of inheritance of folk literature. Through field investigation, I found that in people’s life, the means of inheriting folk literature and textbooks on teaching a lot. Yiyuan County Cowboy Langzhuang Cowherd and Weaver legend, the public not only face-to-face spread of heart-to-heart communication, but also rely on the local cowboy temple, Weaver Cave and other temples space; March 3, July 7 Weaver Cave Temple Fair; local Son family preserved Sun clan spectrum and temples around the inscriptions and other styles about heritage Cowherd and Weaver legend. In short, I believe that in this place of space, behavior heritage, documentary heritage and oral heritage jointly bear the responsibility of passing on the Legend of the Cowboy Weaver. I do not intend to subvert the oral narrative scene is an important folklore means of transmission, but stressed that the means of inheritance of folk literature should be as rich and diverse as it contains.