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我国城市经济体制改革的中心任务是搞活企业,而搞活企业的根本出路在于实现企业行为的合理化。本文就此做一探讨。 一 企业行为就是企业的经济行为。其中包括企业的经济目标和在其指导下的再生产过程中的生产、分配和交换的具体行为。生产行为包括生产方向和生产规模的确定、生产要素的配置,生产方式的选择、新技术的采用等。分配行为包括对企业可支配收入的分配比例的确定。交换行为包括对生产资料的购买,对产品销售的选择和开拓等。企业行为从时间上又可以划分为短期行为和长期行为,而它们都是通过具体的生产行为、分配行为、交换行为体现出来的,都集中地反映企业的经济目标。 企业行为具有一定的社会性。在资本主义社会,企业是以资本家私有制为基础,他们从自己的利益出发支配企业行为,企业的生产和经营活动都要服从资本主义经济规律,以追求利润最大化为目标,采取与之相应的手段来确定生产、分配和交换的行为准则,不会从全社会的角度出发,更不会注意外界的环境污染,资源的毁坏等等。在以生产资料公有制为基础的社会主义企业里,生产和经营活动受社会主义经济规律支配,企业的经济行为要符合社会主义有计划的商品经济的总要求。具体来讲,企业要有合理的生产行为,也就是要对宏观控制意图,市场供求变?
The central task of China’s urban economic system reform is to invigorate the enterprise, and the fundamental way to invigorate the enterprise lies in the rationalization of corporate behavior. This article discusses this issue. A corporate behavior is the economic behavior of a company. These include the company’s economic goals and the specific behaviors of production, distribution, and exchange in the reproduction process under its guidance. Production behavior includes the determination of production direction and production scale, the configuration of production factors, the selection of production methods, and the adoption of new technologies. Distribution behavior includes the determination of the distribution ratio of disposable income of enterprises. Exchange activities include the purchase of production materials, the selection and development of product sales, etc. Corporate behavior can be divided into short-term behavior and long-term behavior from the perspective of time, and they are reflected through specific production behaviors, distribution behaviors, and exchange behaviors, all of which reflect the company’s economic goals. Corporate behavior has a certain degree of sociality. In capitalist society, companies are based on the private ownership of capitalists. They govern the behavior of enterprises from their own interests. The production and business activities of companies must obey the laws of capitalist economy and pursue the goal of maximizing profits. The means to determine the code of conduct for production, distribution, and exchange will not proceed from the perspective of society as a whole, and will not even pay attention to the environmental pollution of the outside world, the destruction of resources, and so on. In a socialist enterprise based on the public ownership of means of production, production and business operations are governed by socialist economic laws, and the economic behavior of enterprises must conform to the general requirements of a planned socialist commodity economy. Specifically, companies must have reasonable production practices, that is, they must have macro control intentions, and the market supply and demand change.