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本文简介了复合材料(主要是纤维增强的)所遵循的连续介质,小变形弹性理论的应力应变关系,在理论上说明了要解析一个受力构件的力与变形关系时需要些什么弹性常数。 结合到工程上的实际需要,着重介绍了常用的复合材料——正交各向异性板各个弹性常数、拉伸强度值以及应力应变曲线的试验方法;並且简单介绍了丝材、基体的上述三种数据的试验方法。 这些力学参考(包括复合材料、纤维和基体的常数与强度值)和应力应变曲线是兵器设计人员、制造技术员和使用者所必须掌握的。要不然他们研制发展新产品、维护使用现有产品以及估用或检验老产品时,则无科学的依据。
In this paper, we introduce the stress-strain relationship of continuous media and small deformation elastic theory followed by composites (mainly fiber-reinforced), and theoretically explain what elastic constants are needed to analyze the force-deformation relationship of a stressed component. Combined with the actual needs of the project, this paper mainly introduces the test methods of various elastic constants, tensile strength values and stress-strain curves of the commonly used composite materials - Orthotropic plates; and briefly introduces the above three Test method of data. These mechanical references (including constants and strength values for composites, fibers and substrates) and stress-strain curves are essential to weapon designers, manufacturing technicians, and users alike. Otherwise, they have no scientific basis for developing new products, maintaining the use of existing products, and evaluating or testing old products.