从基因异常的角度对口腔癌和头颈部癌进行危险评估、诊断、预后和治疗是近年研究的热点 ,危险评估和诊断的常见标志物是p5 3、p16、p2 1和端粒酶等 ;患者的预后与一些基因的改变如杂合性缺失、微卫星不稳定等相关 ;也有研究企图将抑癌基因或其受体如 p5 3、p61、TNF -α和TβRⅡ等转染肿瘤细胞 ,从而进行基因治疗。有的分子探针和标记物已有临床初步应用的报道 ,而更多的正在进一步的研究中 The risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of oral cancer and head and neck cancer are hot topics in recent years. Common markers of risk assessment and diagnosis are p5 3, p16, p21 and telomerase. The prognosis of patients is related to the alteration of some genes such as loss of heterozygosity, microsatellite instability and the like. Some studies have also attempted to transfect tumor suppressor genes or their receptors such as p5 3, p61, TNF-α and TβRⅡ into tumor cells Gene therapy. Some molecular probes and markers have been reported for clinical preliminary application, and more are under further study