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目的 :探讨小儿急性白血病 (acute leukemia,AL)合并医院感染的特点、危险因素、防治措施。方法 :回顾性调查在本院儿科住院的 AL患儿共 10 8例。结果 :3 5例、4 6例次发生医院内感染 ,感染率 3 2 .4 1% ,例次感染率 4 2 .5 9% ,感染直接引起死亡 12例 (11.11% ) ,以呼吸道感染为主 ,并发症常见且严重。致病菌以 G- 杆菌为主。粒细胞减少特别是≤ 1.0× 10 9/ L、住院时间超过 12周、诱导化疗阶段医院感染率较粒细胞数 >1.0× 10 9/ L、住院时间 <12周、巩固、强化治疗阶段明显升高。这与患儿年龄、白血病类型无相关性。结论 :AL患儿易发生医院内感染 ,病死率高 ,致病菌以G- 杆菌为主 ,粒细胞减少特别是≤ 1.0× 10 9/ L、住院时间超过 12周、诱导化疗阶段是医院内感染的危险因素 ,应加强监测和预防 ,应用对致病菌敏感的抗生素及加强支持治疗
Objective: To investigate the characteristics, risk factors and prevention and treatment of nosocomial infection in children with acute leukemia (AL). Methods: A retrospective survey of 108 pediatric AL patients hospitalized in our hospital. Results: Among 35 cases and 46 cases, nosocomial infection occurred. The infection rate was 32.41%. The infection rate was 42.59%. Infection caused 12 deaths (11.11%) directly. The respiratory tract infections were Lord, complications are common and serious. Pathogenic bacteria to G-bacteria-based. Neutropenia, especially ≤ 1.0 × 10 9 / L, hospital stay more than 12 weeks, the induction of chemotherapy during hospital infection than the number of granulocytes> 1.0 × 109 / L, hospital stay <12 weeks, consolidation, intensive treatment phase was significantly increased high. This is not related to children’s age and type of leukemia. CONCLUSIONS: Children with AL are susceptible to nosocomial infections and have a high case fatality rate. The majority of pathogenic bacteria are G-type bacilli, with neutropenia especially ≤ 1.0 × 10 9 / L, hospital stay longer than 12 weeks, and induction chemotherapy during hospitalization Risk factors for infection should be strengthened to monitor and prevent the application of antibiotics that are sensitive to pathogens and to strengthen supportive care