宫颈癌是全球女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,居女性生殖器官恶性肿瘤首位。人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染是宫颈癌的主要危险因素。HPV基因与宫颈组织基因相互融合,引起宫颈病变缓慢进展,从慢性炎症、低度不典型增生、高度不典型增生到癌变。从分子水平探索HPV基因与宫颈癌发病机制,寻找早期诊断、有效治疗和评估预后的新靶点是国内外学者研究的焦点。基于基因多态性及基因变异的基因诊断及治疗有望成为肿瘤治疗的新方向。 Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women worldwide, occupying the top position of female genital malignancies. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major risk factor for cervical cancer. HPV gene and cervical tissue gene fusion, causing slow progression of cervical lesions, from chronic inflammation, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia to cancer. It is the focus of domestic and foreign scholars to explore HPV gene and cervical cancer pathogenesis from the molecular level, and to find new targets for early diagnosis, effective treatment and evaluation of prognosis. Gene diagnosis and treatment based on gene polymorphism and genetic variation are expected to become the new direction of cancer treatment.