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道格拉斯·麦格雷戈(Douglas M·Mc Gregor,1906-1964)是美国著名的行为科学家,在二十世纪60年代提出了“Y 理论”(强调调动人的主动性和对人的关心与尊重)。“Y 理论”的主要论点有:1、人并非天生厌恶工作,他对工作的好恶主要取决于他所处的环境;2、强制的手段不是使人完成工作任务的唯一手段,人愿意实行自我控制去完成任务;3、缺乏抱负和责任心不是人的本性;4、大多数人在解决困难时,都能发挥出高度的想象力、智力和创造力以及解决问题的能力。麦格雷戈认为在现代工业高度发达的条件下,人的这些潜力的发挥有更大的可能,因此他主张要特别重视对人的尊重,他很赞赏马斯洛(Abraham.h.maslow)的“自我实现”的说法,工作满足与自我实现是完成工作任务的最重要动力,应当创造适当的环境,使人从工作中得到内在的鼓励。麦格雷戈把对人的认识从“经济的人”、“社会的人”发展到“自我实现的人”。
Douglas McGregor (1906-1964), a famous American behavioral scientist, put forward “Y Theory” in the 1960s (emphasizing the mobilization of people’s initiative and concern for people respect). The main arguments of “Theory Y” are: 1. People are not naturally averse to work, and his dislike of work depends mainly on the circumstances in which he lives. 2. Coercion is not the only means of accomplishing a task. People are willing to implement it Self-control to complete the task; 3, lack of ambition and sense of responsibility is not human nature; 4, most people in solving problems, can play a high degree of imagination, intelligence and creativity and ability to solve problems. McGregor believed that under the condition of highly developed modern industry, the potential of human beings was more likely to be fulfilled. Therefore, he advocated paying special attention to human respect and praised Abraham.hmaslow’s “Self-actualization ”, job satisfaction and self-fulfillment are the most important motives for accomplishing work tasks, and an appropriate environment should be created to encourage people to get intrinsic encouragement from their work. McGregor developed his understanding of people from “economic man”, “social man” to “self-actualizing man.”