亚里士多德把属的定义作为个别的定义后,开显了哲学史上的千古难题,即个别与普遍的鸿沟,其具体表现是:本体只能是个别,能认识的只能是普遍。在西方思想史上,有两位把个别与普遍的鸿沟朝相反方向扩大到极致的哲学家:一位是立足普遍的黑格尔,一位是立足个别的施蒂纳。马克思不满意哲学家们囿于思维领域对该难题的化解,提出了改变世界的实践思路。但若以亚里士多德思想为参照,马克思的思路仍是亚里士多德传统的延续。 Aristotle’s definition of genus as an individual definition opens the eternal epoch in the history of philosophy, the gap between individualism and universality. The concrete manifestation is that the ontology can only be an individual, and the only thing that can be known is universality. In the history of Western thought, there are two philosophers who have broadened to the extreme the opposite of universal and individualized divides: one based on universal Hegel and one based on individual Stina. Marx was dissatisfied with the fact that philosophers resolved the problem in the field of thinking and put forward the practical thinking of changing the world. However, if we take Aristotle’s thought as a reference, Marx’s thinking is still a continuation of Aristotelian tradition.