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【目的】探讨不同配比硅钙磷肥和有机肥对甘蔗生长及土壤养分等的影响,为改善蔗区土壤酸化状况及提高甘蔗产量和品质提供参考。【方法】选取连作甘蔗的酸化蔗地,设6个处理,即处理A(对照,只施用氮、钾肥)及在处理A基础上配施不同组合硅钙磷肥和有机肥的5个处理,处理B(SiO_2 450 kg/ha、CaO 300 kg/ha、P_2O_5 225kg/ha)、处理C(SiO_2 450 kg/ha、CaO 300 kg/ha、P_2O_5 300 kg/ha)、处理D(SiO_2 450 kg/ha、CaO 450 kg/ha、P_2O_5 225kg/ha)、处理E(SiO_2 450 kg/ha、CaO 450 kg/ha、P_2O_5 300 kg/ha)、处理F(处理B+有机肥7500 kg/ha),测定甘蔗出苗率等农艺性状,收获后测定产量及锤度,取样测定不同部位氮、磷、钾含量,同时取土壤样品测定土壤养分含量。【结果】与对照相比,不同处理均对甘蔗分蘖、株高、有效茎及产量有显著影响(P<0.05,下同),其中处理E和处理F增产率分别为23.06%和22.53%。在硅钙磷肥基础上增施有机肥后对甘蔗蔗茎中氮、钾养分积累效果影响显著,但对磷养分积累效果影响不显著(P>0.05,下同)。当季土壤pH相比对照提高了0.11~0.38,但对土壤养分影响不显著。【结论】在施用氮、钾肥的基础上配施硅钙肥及有机肥能增加土壤中盐基离子数量,减少土壤中交换性酸和交换性铝含量,有效减缓土壤酸化进程。施用SiO_2 450 kg/ha、CaO 300 kg/ha和P_2O_5 225 kg/ha并配施有机肥7500 kg/ha,能促进蔗茎氮、钾养分的积累,同时在甘蔗增产及减缓土壤酸化方面也能获得理想效果。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different proportions of Si-Ca phosphate and organic fertilizers on the growth of sugarcane and soil nutrient, and to provide references for improving the acidification status of sugarcane and improving the yield and quality of sugarcane. 【Method】 Six treatments of treatment of sugarcane sugarcane with acidified sugarcane field were set up, that is, treatment A (control, only nitrogen and potash fertilizer) and treatment A with five treatments of different combinations of calcium silicate phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer, treatment (SiO 2 450 kg / ha, CaO 300 kg / ha, P 2 O 5 300 kg / ha) and treatment D (SiO 2 450 kg / ha) , CaO 450 kg / ha and P2O5 225 kg / ha), treatment of E (SiO 2 450 kg / ha, CaO 450 kg / ha, P 2 O 5 300 kg / ha) and treatment F (treatment of B + organic fertilizer 7500 kg / ha) Germination rate and other agronomic traits. The yield and brix were measured after harvesting. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different parts were determined by sampling, and the soil samples were taken to determine the soil nutrient content. 【Result】 Compared with the control, all treatments had significant effects on tillering, plant height, effective stem and yield of sugarcane (P <0.05, the same below), and the yield of treatment E and treatment F were 23.06% and 22.53% respectively. The addition of organic fertilizer on the basis of Si-Ca phosphate had a significant effect on the accumulation of nitrogen and potassium in sugarcane cane, but had no significant effect on the accumulation of phosphorus nutrients (P> 0.05, the same below). Seasonal soil pH increased by 0.11 ~ 0.38 compared with the control, but no significant effect on soil nutrients. 【Conclusion】 Applying Si-Ca fertilizer and organic fertilizer on the basis of applying nitrogen and potassium fertilizers can increase the amount of base-based ions in the soil, reduce the content of exchangeable and exchangeable aluminum in the soil, and effectively slow down the process of soil acidification. The application of 450 kg / ha SiO 2, 300 kg / ha CaO and 225 kg / ha P 2 O 5 and 7500 kg / ha organic fertilizer could promote the accumulation of nitrogen and potassium in the cane stems, and also increase the sugar cane yield and soil acidification Get the desired effect.