妊娠时随着胎儿对母体物质需求的增加,孕妇出现了糖代谢的改变以及生理性胰岛素抵抗。为了适应胰岛素需求的增加,妊娠期母体胰岛在结构和功能上都会发生相应的改变,包括葡萄糖刺激下胰岛素分泌能力的增强,以及伴随的葡萄糖刺激阈值的下降。此外,还出现母体胰岛素合成增多,胰岛细胞增殖以及胰岛容积的增加。这些变化与妊娠期激素特别是胎盘生乳素(HPL)、催乳素(PRL)及生长激素(GH)等密切相关。不仅如此,脂肪细胞因子、炎症因子、细胞因子信号传递抑制体(SOCS)、胰岛血管内皮细胞等因素对妊娠期母体胰岛的适应性变化也会产生影响。 As the fetus increases its demand for maternal substances during pregnancy, pregnant women appear to have altered glucose metabolism and physiological insulin resistance. In order to meet the increasing demand for insulin, the mother’s islets in pregnancy will be structurally and functionally altered, including increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and decreased glucose stimulation threshold. In addition, there is also increased maternal insulin synthesis, islet cell proliferation and islet volume increase. These changes are closely related to gestational hormones, especially placental lactogen (HPL), prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH). Moreover, factors such as adipocytokines, inflammatory cytokines, cytokine signaling inhibitors (SOCS) and islet vascular endothelial cells also affect adaptive changes in the mother’s islets during pregnancy.