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汉语的“多”字,可说是一词多类:隶属多种不同的词汇范畴,并有多样的句法表现以及语法功能。展阅以往的汉语语法相关文献,发现谈论这方面的论文极少,只有吕叔湘(1981:159-163)对汉语的“多”字有较为详尽的说明。根据他的分析,汉语的“多”字可以充当数词、形容词、副词与动词来使用。依其词类的不同,各有不同的语意内涵以及句法表现。另一方面,与汉语的“多”字相对应的闽南话、客家话词汇着实不少,并各有不同的对应关系。我们发现:这三种方言词汇的对应关系,可以利用条理化的方式来加以说明。因此,在本文的各节中,我们除了概述汉语的“多”字各方面的相关表现之外,也将分节讨论闽南话、客家话的对应词,及三种方言词汇之间在语意内涵与句法表现等方面的异同,最后将三种方言的对应关系表列对照,并以“构式语法”的理论模式加以分析。
Chinese “more ” word, can be said to be more than one category: under a variety of different vocabulary categories, and a variety of syntactic performance and grammatical functions. When I read past Chinese grammar related documents, I found that there are only a few papers on this subject. Only Lu Shuxiang (1981: 159-163) has a more detailed explanation of the Chinese “more” characters. According to his analysis, Chinese “more” characters can be used as numerals, adjectives, adverbs and verbs. According to their different types of words, each has a different semantic meaning and syntactic performance. On the other hand, Hokkien dialect, which corresponds to the Chinese “more” characters, has a lot of Hakka words, and each has its own corresponding relationship. We find that the correspondence between the three dialectal terms can be illustrated in an organized way. Therefore, in the sections of this essay, in addition to a summary of the relevant aspects of the Chinese “multi ” character, we will also discuss in sections the correspondences between the Minnan dialect and the Hakka dialect and between the three dialect vocabulary Semantic connotation and syntactic performance. Finally, the correspondence between the three dialects is tabulated and compared with the theoretical model of “structural grammar.”