目的探讨肾柱肥大影像学检查的图像特征及误诊原因。方法超声检查一侧肾脏单个肾柱肥大患者26例,联合静脉肾盂造影、CT、磁共振多种方法影像学检查结果进行回顾性分析。结果单个肾柱肥大患者26例,超声检查误诊1例,静脉肾盂造影5例患者肾盏受压明显,疑为肾脏占位性病变,CT均正常,磁共振误诊1例。结论肾柱肥大超声检查回声像似肿瘤,需多种方法的影像学检查鉴别。超声定期随访以免漏诊。 Objective To investigate the image features and misdiagnosis of renal column hypertrophy imaging. Methods Twenty-six patients with single kidney hypertrophy on one side of the kidney were examined by ultrasonography. The results of imaging and CT angiography, CT and magnetic resonance imaging were retrospectively analyzed. Results A single renal hypertrophy in 26 patients, 1 case of misdiagnosis by ultrasound, intravenous pyelography in 5 patients with significant calyx compression, suspected kidney space-occupying lesions, CT were normal, 1 case of magnetic resonance misdiagnosis. Conclusion The renal hypertrophy echocardiography echocardiography resection of tumor, the need for a variety of imaging methods to identify. Ultrasound regular follow-up to avoid missed diagnosis.