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目的了解宁夏银川、吴忠两市儿童青少年维生素D营养状况,为预防儿童青少年维生素D不足与缺乏提供合理依据。方法在银川市2区和吴忠市随机抽取小学、初中和高中,采用分层整群抽样的方法抽取班级。排除佝偻病、克罗恩病、心血管疾病及肝肾疾病患者,以及近3月内服用过维生素D补充剂的儿童青少年,共选取7~18岁对象2 167名。采集研究对象空腹静脉血,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA法)测定其血清25(OH)D的浓度。结果银川、吴忠两市儿童青少年血清25(OH)D浓度中位数为51.46 nmol/L,四分位数间距为61.46 nmol/L,维生素D充足、不足、缺乏检出率分别为51.9%,14.1%,34.0%。不足检出率以7岁最高,8~13岁随着年龄的增长呈升高趋势,至14岁开始逐渐降低。7~18岁各年龄组儿童青少年缺乏检出率依次为31.9%,27.9%,20.8%,30.1%,36.7%,2.4%,29.8%,32.3%,35.3%,47.5%,37.3%,32.8%,各年龄组均较高。不同年龄组间维生素D水平及缺乏检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(H=43.086,P<0.01;χ~2=11.156,P=0.001)。回、汉族儿童青少年维生素D水平、不足与缺乏检出率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论银川、吴忠两市7~18岁儿童青少年维生素D水平较低,维生素D缺乏检出率较高;随年龄增长,儿童青少年血清维生素D水平逐渐降低,不足、缺乏检出率升高。
Objective To understand the nutritional status of vitamin D in children and adolescents in Yinchuan and Wuzhong of Ningxia and provide a reasonable basis for preventing deficiency and deficiency of vitamin D in children and adolescents. Methods Primary schools, middle schools and high schools were randomly selected in No.2 District and Wuzhong City of Yinchuan City. The students were drawn by stratified cluster sampling. Excluding patients with rickets, Crohn’s disease, cardiovascular diseases and liver and kidney disease, and children and adolescents who had taken vitamin D supplements in the past three months, 2,167 children aged 7-18 were selected. Fasting venous blood was collected from the study subjects, and serum 25 (OH) D concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The median concentrations of serum 25 (OH) D in children and adolescents in Yinchuan and Wuzhong were 51.46 nmol / L, the interquartile range was 61.46 nmol / L, and the adequate and insufficient vitamin D was 51.9% 14.1%, 34.0%. Insufficient detection rate of the highest at 7 years old, 8 to 13 years old with age increased upward trend, began to gradually reduce the age of 14 years. The detection rate of children and adolescents aged 7-18 years was 31.9%, 27.9%, 20.8%, 30.1%, 36.7%, 2.4%, 29.8%, 32.3%, 35.3%, 47.5%, 37.3%, 32.8% , All age groups are higher. There were significant differences in the levels of vitamin D and the lack of detection rate between different age groups (H = 43.086, P <0.01; χ ~ 2 = 11.156, P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the level of vitamin D between the children of Han nationality, Han nationality, Han nationality and adolescents (P all> 0.05). Conclusion Adolescents aged 7-18 years old in Yinchuan and Wuzhong cities have a lower level of vitamin D and a higher detection rate of vitamin D deficiency. With age, the level of serum vitamin D in children and adolescents gradually decreases, but their deficiency rate increases.