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目的:回顾输血后发生不良反应的病例,分析其发生原因与特点,探讨有效降低输血不良反应发生的措施。方法:回顾分析2011年至2015年间发生输血不良反应的病例,对输注各种血液成分后患者发生输血不良反应的情况进行统计分析。结果:5年内共有17 592人次输注血液制品,其中发生输血不良反应58例次,发生率为0.33%。输注单采血小板者的输血不良反应发生率最高,为1.02%;其次是输注血浆制品,为0.49%;输注悬浮红细胞则相对较低,为0.18%。输注不同血液成分间的输血不良反应发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=26.1,P<0.01)。输血不良反应中,以过敏反应构成比较高,为63.8%,主要以输注血浆制品、单采血小板者多见;而发热反应构成比为36.2%,以输注悬浮红细胞者常见。我院输血不良反应逐年有所下降。结论:加强输血管理,严格把握输血指征,减少不必要的输血,特别要避免血浆与红细胞配套使用,降低输血不良反应的发生率,确保输血安全。
Objective: To retrospect the cases of adverse reactions after transfusion, analyze its causes and characteristics, and discuss the measures to effectively reduce the adverse reactions of blood transfusion. Methods: The cases of adverse transfusion reactions between 2011 and 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The adverse reactions of blood transfusion were analyzed statistically after transfusion of various blood components. Results: A total of 17 592 transfusions of blood products occurred within 5 years, of which 58 cases occurred transfusion adverse reactions, with an incidence of 0.33%. The incidence of adverse transfusion reactions was 1.02% with transfusion of platelets, followed by infusion of plasma products at 0.49%, and infusions of suspended erythrocytes were relatively low at 0.18%. There were significant differences in the incidence of adverse transfusion reactions between different blood components (χ2 = 26.1, P <0.01). Adverse reactions in transfusion, the composition of the allergic reaction is relatively high, 63.8%, mainly in the infusion of plasma products, apheresis platelet more common; and fever composition ratio of 36.2% to infusions of suspended red blood cells are common. Adverse reactions to transfusion in our hospital declined year by year. Conclusion: To strengthen the blood transfusion management, strictly control the transfusion indications and reduce unnecessary blood transfusions. In particular, we should avoid the use of plasma and erythrocytes, reduce the incidence of transfusion adverse reactions and ensure the safety of blood transfusion.