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目的调查某小学一起疑似“食物中毒”事件的特点和流行原因,探讨发病危险因素,快速高效处置疫情。方法采用现场调查、病例对照方法,结合实验室检测结果对疫情进行分析,提出有针对性的防控措施。结果该小学2014年9月21—28日,共报告胃肠炎病例37例,罹患率为4.4%(37/849),24日16:00时—25日8:00时为发病高峰,发病主要集中在一年级学生。病例对照研究结果显示在二楼餐厅就餐、在二楼午休房休息是发病危险因素(OR=4.53,3.33)。采集患者、厨工肛拭子、咽拭子、粪便及环境涂抹样本共计65份,其中4份检测出诺如病毒。结论这是一起由诺如病毒引起的胃肠炎暴发,原因是感染了诺如病毒的学生未及时接受治疗和隔离而引起疾病的传播,传播方式可能为气溶胶、人与人密切接触传播及接触被污染的环境物品所导致的传播。
Objective To investigate the characteristics and prevalence of suspected “food poisoning” incidents in a primary school, to explore risk factors and to deal with the epidemic quickly and efficiently. Methods Field investigation, case control method, combined with laboratory test results to analyze the epidemic, put forward targeted prevention and control measures. Results The primary school reported a total of 37 cases of gastroenteritis from September 21 to September 28, 2014, with an attack rate of 4. 4% (37/849), peak incidence at 16:00 on the 24th - 8:00 on the 25th. Mainly in first grade students. Case-control study showed that dining on the second floor restaurant, resting on the second floor lunch break is a risk factor (OR = 4.53,3.33). A total of 65 samples of patients, chef anal swab, throat swab, excrement and environmental smear were collected, of which 4 were detected as norovirus. Conclusions This is an outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by Norovirus because the Norovirus-infected students are not promptly treated and isolated to cause the spread of the disease. The mode of transmission may be aerosol, close contact with humans and transmission Contact with contaminated environmental items caused by the spread.