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一、航海天文导航概述航海天文导航是借助于自然天体作为参考位置,通过航海六分仪进行天文观测来确定自己船位的一种导航法。过去,航海人员进行一次天文定位,要经过六分仪测量天体高度,查航海天文历,人工换算和作图等步骤。操作繁琐,不仅定位正确性受操作人员经验、人为误差的影响,而且定位时间也太长。目前,随着计算机应用的发展,已研制成以数学计算代替人工作图的微型计算机导航系统。这样,从输入原始数据开始到定出船位,最多仅需几分钟时间。这不仅大大缩短了定位时间,并且提高了定位精度。如图1所示,用微型计算机进行定位的过程如下:由键盘输入导航参数,启动计算机执行预先编好的程序(程序驻留在月ROM中),最后,把算出的观察船位显示出来。
First, navigation astronomical navigation Overview Navigation Astronomy navigation is to use natural celestial bodies as a reference position, astronomical observations through sagittal sextags to determine their own navigation a navigation method. In the past, astronauts conducted an astronomical positioning to measure the celestial body height through sextant, check sea ephemeris, manual conversion and mapping steps. Tedious operation, not only positioning accuracy by the operator experience, human error, and positioning time is too long. At present, with the development of computer applications, microcomputer navigation systems have been developed that replace math diagrams with mathematical calculations. This will take up to a few minutes from the moment you enter the original data until the ship is finalized. This not only greatly shortens the positioning time, and improves the positioning accuracy. As shown in Figure 1, the process of locating with a microcomputer is as follows: inputting navigation parameters from a keyboard, starting a computer to execute a pre-programmed program (the program resides in a month ROM), and finally displaying the calculated observation ship position.