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为研究花前和花期高温对香白杏花器官发育的影响,于花期前后,以香白杏(Armeniaca vulgaris L.Xiangbaixing)成年树为试材通过枝组套袋增温处理,同时以离体花束状果枝为试材在不同温度条件下人工培养,共设置4个温度处理(28℃/18℃、23℃/13℃、18℃/8℃、13℃/6℃)。研究花前及花期高温对香白杏花器官发育以及座果率的影响。结果表明:花前及花期高温对香白杏的花器官有着显著影响,高温条件下使得香白杏雌蕊纵径和子房直径缩短,雌蕊重量、完全花比例降低、畸形花比例增多。高温条件下胚囊发育程度表现出明显的迟缓,且异常和退化的胚囊增多高达24.1%,显著高于对照组的13.8%。套袋处理中的花粉萌芽率为13.57%显著低于对照的28.89%,座果率仅为2.83%,对照处理为11.56%。花前及花期高温使得雌雄配子发育异常、降低花朵质量以及座果率。
In order to study the effect of pre-anthesis and anthesis temperature on the organ development of Pericarpium armeniaca, the adult tree of Armeniaca vulgaris L. Xiangbaixing was used as the experimental material to increase the temperature of the organ, Fruit branches were cultured under different temperature conditions. Four temperature treatments (28 ℃ / 18 ℃, 23 ℃ / 13 ℃, 18 ℃ / 8 ℃, 13 ℃ / 6 ℃) were set up. The effects of pre-anthesis and anthesis temperature on organ development and fruit set rate of Perilla frutescens were studied. The results showed that the pre-anthesis and the anthesis temperature had significant effects on the floral organs of Fraxinus mandshurica. Under high temperature, the longitudinal diameter and ovary diameter of pistils were shortened, the pistils weight and complete flower proportion decreased, and the proportion of deformed flowers increased. The development of embryo sac showed obvious retardation under high temperature, and the number of abnormal and degenerated embryo sac increased up to 24.1%, which was significantly higher than that of control group (13.8%). The germination rate of bagging was 13.57%, which was significantly lower than that of the control (28.89%). The fruit set rate was only 2.83% and that of the control was 11.56%. Pre-flowering and flowering temperatures caused abnormal development of both male and female gametes, reducing flower quality and fruit set rate.