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自然过程和人类活动是影响土壤质量演变的两大因素 ,而人们的农业生产行为对农田土壤肥力的影响日益加深。中国人口众多 ,土壤资源有限 ,其 80年代初以来的农地土壤肥力变化备受世人关注。同时 ,中国农村的经济、制度、政策发生了深刻的变化。该文利用 80年代初和 2 0 0 0年的土壤肥力数据以及相应的社会经济调查数据 ,试图揭示自农村改革以来可能影响土壤肥力变化的社会经济和政策因素及其相互关系。初步分析表明 ,经济发展水平对土壤肥力提高有一定促进作用 ,耕地资源禀赋则相反。现行土地产权制度与土壤肥力变化之间没有表现出某种明显的相关关系。 2 0a来中国农地的复种指数变化没有破坏土壤肥力 ,反而因复种指数略微下降而改善土壤肥力。同时 ,近年来秸秆还田的增加有助于提高土壤有机质含量。
Natural processes and human activities are the two major factors affecting the evolution of soil quality, and people’s agricultural production practices have a growing impact on farmland soil fertility. With a large population and limited soil resources, China has drawn much attention from the world about its changes in soil fertility since the early 1980s. In the meantime, profound changes have taken place in the economy, systems and policies of rural China. Using the data of soil fertility in the early 1980s and 2000 and the corresponding socio-economic survey data, this paper tries to reveal the socioeconomic and policy factors that may affect the changes of soil fertility since the rural reform and their interrelations. The preliminary analysis shows that the level of economic development has a certain promotion effect on soil fertility, while the cultivated land resource endowment is opposite. There is no obvious correlation between the current land property system and the change of soil fertility. In 20 years, the change of multiple cropping index in Chinese agricultural land did not destroy the soil fertility, but improved soil fertility due to the slight decline of the multiple cropping index. In the meantime, the increase of straw returning in recent years helps to increase the soil organic matter content.