奖赏和惩罚是相对的。在心理学上,把奖赏和惩罚分别称之为正强化和负强化。惩罚在阻止幼儿的不合意行为方面,能起到一定的积极作用。不管是谁,只要他回忆自己的幼年时代,总会想起他被父母责备甚至痛打时的羞愧、悔恨与悲伤。当然也会回想起他被长辈赞许甚至夸奖时的自豪、欢快与昂扬。如果一个人从未被责罚过,也从未被赞许过,那么,他绝不会成熟起来。因此,惩罚与奖赏一样,也是教育的手段之一。奖惩得当,能确立和巩固孩子的是非标准,使孩子的正确行为得到强化;反之则会混淆孩子的是非标准,诱发逆反心理。怎样惩罚才是正确的,更能收到良好的教育效果?我根据心理学、教育学的研究结果和教育实践经验归结了以下几点:一、惩罚的施行必须及时惩罚分为即时惩 Reward and punishment are relative. In psychology, the reward and punishment are respectively called positive and negative intensification. Punishment can play a positive role in preventing the unpleasant behavior of young children. No matter who, as long as he recalled his childhood, he always remembered his shame, regret and sadness when he was reproved by his parents. Of course, will be remembered when he was praised by elders or even praise proud, happy and high. If a man has never been punished, has never been praised, then he will never mature. As such, punishment, like rewards, is one of the means of education. Reward and punishment properly, can establish and consolidate children’s non-standard, so that children’s correct behavior be strengthened; the other hand, will confuse the child’s non-standard, induced rebellious. How to punish is correct, more able to receive a good educational effect? ​​I based on psychology, pedagogy and education practice results summed up the following: First, the punishment must be promptly punished into punishment