21世纪太空探测需采用新型敏感器和仪器部件的关键技术(BSICT),这一计划的目标是要加速NASA在探测仪器、敏感器、激光器、致冷器以及电子设备等重要技术领域开发突破性的技术,使NASA在下一个新千年能实现一系列振奋人心的航天任务,这些敏感器技术包括:超小型化现场分析仪器,用于探索火星、木卫二和其他行星上存在的生命迹象;先进的有源雷达和激光雷达,用于连续监测地球表面、海洋和大气环境的细节;量子阱聚焦平面的配套仪器,用于观测太阳系外行星的电磁频谱,确定宇宙的早期结构;机器人和小型化敏感器,用于支持长期载人探测飞行任务的生命和医疗保障策略。BSICT计划将支持关键敏感器技术的开发,这些技术将大大降低敏感器的制造成本、重量以及对各种资源的需求,同时能提高仪器的灵敏度、使用寿命、鲁棒性和功能。从这些高技术初步方案的实验室验证直到空间鉴定和试验的早期阶段,都支持BSICT计划的各项开发活动。本文重点介 The 21st century key to space exploration needs of new sensors and instrumentation components (BSICT) is to accelerate NASA’s groundbreaking breakthroughs in key technologies such as sounding instruments, sensors, lasers, chillers, and electronics Technology that will enable NASA to achieve a series of exciting space missions in the next millennium, including: ultra-miniaturized on-site analytical instruments to explore the signs of life on Mars, Europa and other planets; advanced Of active radar and lidar for continuous monitoring of the Earth’s surface, ocean and atmospheric environment details; Quantum well focusing plane supporting equipment for observing the extrasolar planets of the electromagnetic spectrum to determine the universe’s early structure; robot and miniaturization Sensors used to support life and health care strategies for long-term manned mission missions. The BSICT program will support the development of key sensor technologies that will significantly reduce sensor manufacturing costs, weight, and resource requirements, while increasing instrument sensitivity, useful life, robustness, and functionality. From the laboratory validation of these high-tech preliminary protocols to the early stages of space qualification and testing, various development activities of the BSICT program are supported. This article focuses on