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英语学习中that是大家最熟悉的一个词，它的用法可以说是灵活多变，丰富多彩。比如它可以用来引导定语从句或名词性从句，也可用用作指示代词或程度副词。因此在高考试题的设置中出现了许多以that为考查热点的句型时，常常让许多考生感到迷惑，对that一词不能作出正确的选择和判断。如我们在平常的教学过程中经常会列举一个经典例句及其变式结构：
→It is known to everyone that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
→That the moon travels round the earth once every month is known to everyone.
→What is known to everyone is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
三个句型表达的是同一内容信息，都出现了that一词，但其位置和用法有所不同。现结合近几年的高考试题和课本教材的部分例句对that的几种用法和涉及的易考点作个详细分析。便于大家理解和掌握。
Ⅰ.连词that在名词性从句中的用法
(1) 主语从句
that引导的主语从句也可以用 “it”作形式主语，将that从句放在句末。注意that引导的主语从句，that仅仅是起个引导词作用，不在从句中作任何成分。
如：
______is our belief that improvement in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. （2006浙江卷）
A. As B. That C. This D. It
解析：It作形式主语，后面的that从句作真正主语。句式可变为：That improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy is our belief.
拓展：
it作形式主语，that从句作真正主语的几个重要句型结构：
1.It is/was+名词+that从句 如：
It is a pity that our respected teacher can’t make it to the party. 真可惜，我们最敬爱的老师不能来参加这次聚会。
用于此句型的名词还有：shame, wonder,fact,news,honour,question等。注意在It is(high)time that…..句型中,that从句要使用虚拟语气。比如2006重庆卷26小题的题干为 “Isn’t it time (that) you got down to marking the paper?
2. It is/was +adj +that从句。如：
It is necessary that we (should)have a good knowledge of basic English.掌握基本的英语对我们来讲是必要的。
可用于此句型的形容词还有：important, natural, strange, possible等，这类主语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，为 “should+do”或省略 “should”形式。
如：
Don’t you think it necessary that he______to Miami but to NewYork?
I agree, but the problem is______he has refused to.（2005江苏卷）
A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what
解析：B。第一空的题干部分与it is necessary that….句型中一样要使用虚拟语气(should +do)，第二空为that引导的表语从句。
3. It is/was reported(said/thought/believed/expected 等)+that从句。
(2) that引导宾语从句
that引导的宾语从句中，作动词的宾语时，that可以省略；作except/but/in等介词的宾语时，that不可省略；若动词后面接两个或两个以上的由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可以省略，其余的不可省略。如：
1.If you consider(that) she has only been studying English for six months, she speaks it very well.如果考虑到她学英语才6个月，那么她英语讲得非常不错。
2. Our English teacher is a good teacher except that he is too strict sometimes. 除了有时太严厉外，英语老师是位好老师。
3. Conferences like the Earth Summit help people understand that there exist serious problems and that there is still time to take action.（人教版高二上unit9 P68）像这样的峰会能帮助人们理解世界上存在严重问题，并且知道还有时间采取行动。
考题：
1.Having checked the doors were closed, and______all the lights were off, the oy opened the door to his bedroom.（2007湖南卷）
A.why B.that C.when D.where
2. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased______he was a man of action. （2006湖南卷）
A.which B.that C.what D.whether
解析：
1.B。the door were closed为checked的宾语，省略了that引导，and之后为第二个宾语从句，这个宾语从句中的that不能省略。
2.B。that在宾语从句中无词义，也不作任何成分，只起连接词作用。
(3) that引导表语从句
that引导的表语从句中，that一般不能省略，that在表语从句中不充当任何成分，只是起个连接词作用；若主语是reason时，表语从句常用that引导，而不用because。如：
1. Another reason why you think we should grow rice is that the soil is very good for rice.（高一下unit19P44）我们种水稻的另一个理由是这里的土壤非常好。
2. Our paln is that we will go there once a week. 我们的计划是一星期去一次。
考题：
The traditional view is______we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.（2007上海卷）
A. whenB. why C. whetherD. that
解析：D。此句中不缺任何成分，可知应选that，没有词义，只起连接作用。
(4) 同位语从句
that引导的同位语从句常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, reason,belief, chance, problem, information,belief,doubt,advice等名词后，是对前面的名词作进一步的解释说明。有时，同位语从句可与名词中心词隔开。that在从句中不担当任何成分，也没有词汇意义。
1.The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.（人教高二unit5 P35）大不列颠本土由三个国家组成，这一事实许多人还不知道。
2. There is no doubt that 100 years ago animal testing was cruel but today animals in experiments are very well taken care of. （高一下unit16P27）
考题：
1.There is much chance______Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.（2006天津卷）
A. thatB. whichC. until D. if
2. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class______he had to meet his uncle at the airport.（2006重庆卷）
A. whyB. thatC. whereD. because
3. Dandy left word with my secretary______he would call again in the afternoon.（2005浙江卷）
A. whoB. thatC. as D. which
解析：1. A。that引导同位语从句，用来说明chance的内容。
2. B。考查同位语从句，用来说明reason的具体内容。
3. B。that引导的同位语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分，从句的结构是完整的。不缺成分。说明word的内容。
Ⅱ.关系代词that在定语从句中的用法
在定语从句中，若先行词在从句中充当主语或宾语，可以使用关系代词that来引导，也可以省略，但在下列情况下只能使用that引导。
1.先行词为不定代词(all, nothing,something,little,few,none等)或被不定代词修饰时。
2.先行词是被the only, the very及序数词，形容词最高级修饰时。
3. 先行词既有人又有物时。
4.若复合句中含有双重或多重定语从句，其中一个用以which，其它从句用that引导。
5. 当特殊疑问句由who或which引导时，为避免重复，常用that代替who或which。
考题：
1.You can only be sure of______you have at present; you cann’t be sure of something______you might get in the future. （2007安徽卷）
A. that; whatB. what; /C. which; thatD. /; that
2. Do you have anything to say for yourselves?
Yes, there is one point______we must insist on. （2006江西卷）
A. whyB. where C. how D. /
解析：1. B。前一个句子缺少宾语，用what。you have at present为定语从句修饰what；后一个句子，you might get in the future为定语从句修饰something，that在从句中作宾语可省略。
2. D。that引导定语从句，可省略掉。
拓展：
that引导定语从句和同位语从句结构相似，因为都是用在一个名词后面，两者之间的区别为：
同位语从句中的 “that”不能省略，没有意义，在从句中不作任何成分，只是起连接词作用；而定语从句中的 “that”有意义，是关系代词，代替先行词的内容，在从句中作主语或宾语等句子成分，亦可省略。如：
1.The fact that we talked about is very important. （定语从句）
2. The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody. （同位语从句）
Ⅲ.关系副词that的用法
在表明方式，时间或地点的先行词后面，常用that来代替in which,when或where，that也可省略。关系副词that在句中不作任何成分，只起到引导定语从句的作用，修饰的先行词常为the way, the time,the day,the place等， 此时也可换为其他相应的关系副词。如：
1. Can you think of a better way(that/in which/省略)we can solve this problem?
2.I still remember the days(that/when/on which)I helped my father on the farm.
考题：
What surprised me was not what he said but______he said it. （2004湖北卷）
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
解析：A。先行词the way之后的定语从句可以用that/in which/省略三种形式。
Ⅳ.that用于强调句型和结果状语从句中
1.强调句型的结构形式 “It is/was+被强调部分+that+其它”。
2.“so …..that…..或such…..that”引导的结果状语从句。
考题：
1.It’s not who is right but what is right______is of importance.（2007重庆卷）
A. which B. itC. thatD. this
2.It______we had stayed together for a couple of weeks______I found we had a lot in common.（2007浙江卷）
A. was until; whenB. was until; that
C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that
3. Pop music is scuh an important part of society______it has even influenced our language. （2007上海卷）
A. asB. that C. whichD. where
4. His plan was such a good one______we all agreed to accept it. （2006陕西卷）
A. so B.andC. that D. as
解析：1.C。2. D。考查It is/was….that的强调句型。
3. B。4.C。考查such…that句型。
Ⅴ.程度副词that
that用作程度副词，相当于so或very等。如：
1.He was that tired,so he had to go upstairs and rest.他太累了，只好上楼去休息。
2.I’ve eaten that much, I think I’m going to be sick.我吃了那么多，我想我会反胃的。
考题：
Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always______much to do.（2004广东卷）
A. such B. that C. more D. very
解析：B。that相当于程度副词so。
Ⅵ.指示代词that
高考试题中容易把one/it/that三者的用法进行比较和区分。one泛指，指代前面提到过的那类人或物，用于指代可数名词，其复数形式ones前一般有定语修饰，否则用some；that特指，指代前面提到过的那类物，用于指代不可数名词或可数名词单数，指代名词复数改用those；it特指，指代前面提到过的那个物，用于指可数名词单数或不可数名词，指代复数改用they（作主语）或them（作宾语）。
考题：
1.Little joy can equal______of a surprising ending when you read stories.（2007四川卷）
A.that B.those C.any D.some
2. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than______in the newspaper. （2007辽宁卷）
A.it B.those C.one D.that
3. He got his first book published, It turned out to be a bestseller.
When was______?
______was in 2000when he was still in college. （2007浙江卷）
A.that;thisB.this;itC.it;thisD.that;it
解析：1. A。that“那；那个”，可指代不可数名词。
2.D。that指代前面的the information。
3.D。that指代前面提到的事情；it指代时间。
Ⅶ.与that有关的几个短语
1.now that “既然；由于”
Now that they’ve got to know each other a little better, they get along just well.
2. in that “由于”
The situation is rather cpmplictaed in that we have two managing directors.
3.seeing that (considering that) “考虑到”
She writes very well seeing that English isn’t her first language.
4.for fear that “以免；惟恐”
Helen didn’t want to get out of bed for fear that she might wake her husband.
5.so that “以便于”
Sally worked late to finish her report so that her boss could read it first the nest morning.
6. in order that “为了；目的在于”
I spoke loudly at the conference in order that everyone could hear me.
→It is known to everyone that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
→That the moon travels round the earth once every month is known to everyone.
→What is known to everyone is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
三个句型表达的是同一内容信息，都出现了that一词，但其位置和用法有所不同。现结合近几年的高考试题和课本教材的部分例句对that的几种用法和涉及的易考点作个详细分析。便于大家理解和掌握。
Ⅰ.连词that在名词性从句中的用法
(1) 主语从句
that引导的主语从句也可以用 “it”作形式主语，将that从句放在句末。注意that引导的主语从句，that仅仅是起个引导词作用，不在从句中作任何成分。
如：
______is our belief that improvement in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. （2006浙江卷）
A. As B. That C. This D. It
解析：It作形式主语，后面的that从句作真正主语。句式可变为：That improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy is our belief.
拓展：
it作形式主语，that从句作真正主语的几个重要句型结构：
1.It is/was+名词+that从句 如：
It is a pity that our respected teacher can’t make it to the party. 真可惜，我们最敬爱的老师不能来参加这次聚会。
用于此句型的名词还有：shame, wonder,fact,news,honour,question等。注意在It is(high)time that…..句型中,that从句要使用虚拟语气。比如2006重庆卷26小题的题干为 “Isn’t it time (that) you got down to marking the paper?
2. It is/was +adj +that从句。如：
It is necessary that we (should)have a good knowledge of basic English.掌握基本的英语对我们来讲是必要的。
可用于此句型的形容词还有：important, natural, strange, possible等，这类主语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，为 “should+do”或省略 “should”形式。
如：
Don’t you think it necessary that he______to Miami but to NewYork?
I agree, but the problem is______he has refused to.（2005江苏卷）
A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what
解析：B。第一空的题干部分与it is necessary that….句型中一样要使用虚拟语气(should +do)，第二空为that引导的表语从句。
3. It is/was reported(said/thought/believed/expected 等)+that从句。
(2) that引导宾语从句
that引导的宾语从句中，作动词的宾语时，that可以省略；作except/but/in等介词的宾语时，that不可省略；若动词后面接两个或两个以上的由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可以省略，其余的不可省略。如：
1.If you consider(that) she has only been studying English for six months, she speaks it very well.如果考虑到她学英语才6个月，那么她英语讲得非常不错。
2. Our English teacher is a good teacher except that he is too strict sometimes. 除了有时太严厉外，英语老师是位好老师。
3. Conferences like the Earth Summit help people understand that there exist serious problems and that there is still time to take action.（人教版高二上unit9 P68）像这样的峰会能帮助人们理解世界上存在严重问题，并且知道还有时间采取行动。
考题：
1.Having checked the doors were closed, and______all the lights were off, the oy opened the door to his bedroom.（2007湖南卷）
A.why B.that C.when D.where
2. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased______he was a man of action. （2006湖南卷）
A.which B.that C.what D.whether
解析：
1.B。the door were closed为checked的宾语，省略了that引导，and之后为第二个宾语从句，这个宾语从句中的that不能省略。
2.B。that在宾语从句中无词义，也不作任何成分，只起连接词作用。
(3) that引导表语从句
that引导的表语从句中，that一般不能省略，that在表语从句中不充当任何成分，只是起个连接词作用；若主语是reason时，表语从句常用that引导，而不用because。如：
1. Another reason why you think we should grow rice is that the soil is very good for rice.（高一下unit19P44）我们种水稻的另一个理由是这里的土壤非常好。
2. Our paln is that we will go there once a week. 我们的计划是一星期去一次。
考题：
The traditional view is______we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.（2007上海卷）
A. whenB. why C. whetherD. that
解析：D。此句中不缺任何成分，可知应选that，没有词义，只起连接作用。
(4) 同位语从句
that引导的同位语从句常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, reason,belief, chance, problem, information,belief,doubt,advice等名词后，是对前面的名词作进一步的解释说明。有时，同位语从句可与名词中心词隔开。that在从句中不担当任何成分，也没有词汇意义。
1.The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.（人教高二unit5 P35）大不列颠本土由三个国家组成，这一事实许多人还不知道。
2. There is no doubt that 100 years ago animal testing was cruel but today animals in experiments are very well taken care of. （高一下unit16P27）
考题：
1.There is much chance______Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.（2006天津卷）
A. thatB. whichC. until D. if
2. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class______he had to meet his uncle at the airport.（2006重庆卷）
A. whyB. thatC. whereD. because
3. Dandy left word with my secretary______he would call again in the afternoon.（2005浙江卷）
A. whoB. thatC. as D. which
解析：1. A。that引导同位语从句，用来说明chance的内容。
2. B。考查同位语从句，用来说明reason的具体内容。
3. B。that引导的同位语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分，从句的结构是完整的。不缺成分。说明word的内容。
Ⅱ.关系代词that在定语从句中的用法
在定语从句中，若先行词在从句中充当主语或宾语，可以使用关系代词that来引导，也可以省略，但在下列情况下只能使用that引导。
1.先行词为不定代词(all, nothing,something,little,few,none等)或被不定代词修饰时。
2.先行词是被the only, the very及序数词，形容词最高级修饰时。
3. 先行词既有人又有物时。
4.若复合句中含有双重或多重定语从句，其中一个用以which，其它从句用that引导。
5. 当特殊疑问句由who或which引导时，为避免重复，常用that代替who或which。
考题：
1.You can only be sure of______you have at present; you cann’t be sure of something______you might get in the future. （2007安徽卷）
A. that; whatB. what; /C. which; thatD. /; that
2. Do you have anything to say for yourselves?
Yes, there is one point______we must insist on. （2006江西卷）
A. whyB. where C. how D. /
解析：1. B。前一个句子缺少宾语，用what。you have at present为定语从句修饰what；后一个句子，you might get in the future为定语从句修饰something，that在从句中作宾语可省略。
2. D。that引导定语从句，可省略掉。
拓展：
that引导定语从句和同位语从句结构相似，因为都是用在一个名词后面，两者之间的区别为：
同位语从句中的 “that”不能省略，没有意义，在从句中不作任何成分，只是起连接词作用；而定语从句中的 “that”有意义，是关系代词，代替先行词的内容，在从句中作主语或宾语等句子成分，亦可省略。如：
1.The fact that we talked about is very important. （定语从句）
2. The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody. （同位语从句）
Ⅲ.关系副词that的用法
在表明方式，时间或地点的先行词后面，常用that来代替in which,when或where，that也可省略。关系副词that在句中不作任何成分，只起到引导定语从句的作用，修饰的先行词常为the way, the time,the day,the place等， 此时也可换为其他相应的关系副词。如：
1. Can you think of a better way(that/in which/省略)we can solve this problem?
2.I still remember the days(that/when/on which)I helped my father on the farm.
考题：
What surprised me was not what he said but______he said it. （2004湖北卷）
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
解析：A。先行词the way之后的定语从句可以用that/in which/省略三种形式。
Ⅳ.that用于强调句型和结果状语从句中
1.强调句型的结构形式 “It is/was+被强调部分+that+其它”。
2.“so …..that…..或such…..that”引导的结果状语从句。
考题：
1.It’s not who is right but what is right______is of importance.（2007重庆卷）
A. which B. itC. thatD. this
2.It______we had stayed together for a couple of weeks______I found we had a lot in common.（2007浙江卷）
A. was until; whenB. was until; that
C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that
3. Pop music is scuh an important part of society______it has even influenced our language. （2007上海卷）
A. asB. that C. whichD. where
4. His plan was such a good one______we all agreed to accept it. （2006陕西卷）
A. so B.andC. that D. as
解析：1.C。2. D。考查It is/was….that的强调句型。
3. B。4.C。考查such…that句型。
Ⅴ.程度副词that
that用作程度副词，相当于so或very等。如：
1.He was that tired,so he had to go upstairs and rest.他太累了，只好上楼去休息。
2.I’ve eaten that much, I think I’m going to be sick.我吃了那么多，我想我会反胃的。
考题：
Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always______much to do.（2004广东卷）
A. such B. that C. more D. very
解析：B。that相当于程度副词so。
Ⅵ.指示代词that
高考试题中容易把one/it/that三者的用法进行比较和区分。one泛指，指代前面提到过的那类人或物，用于指代可数名词，其复数形式ones前一般有定语修饰，否则用some；that特指，指代前面提到过的那类物，用于指代不可数名词或可数名词单数，指代名词复数改用those；it特指，指代前面提到过的那个物，用于指可数名词单数或不可数名词，指代复数改用they（作主语）或them（作宾语）。
考题：
1.Little joy can equal______of a surprising ending when you read stories.（2007四川卷）
A.that B.those C.any D.some
2. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than______in the newspaper. （2007辽宁卷）
A.it B.those C.one D.that
3. He got his first book published, It turned out to be a bestseller.
When was______?
______was in 2000when he was still in college. （2007浙江卷）
A.that;thisB.this;itC.it;thisD.that;it
解析：1. A。that“那；那个”，可指代不可数名词。
2.D。that指代前面的the information。
3.D。that指代前面提到的事情；it指代时间。
Ⅶ.与that有关的几个短语
1.now that “既然；由于”
Now that they’ve got to know each other a little better, they get along just well.
2. in that “由于”
The situation is rather cpmplictaed in that we have two managing directors.
3.seeing that (considering that) “考虑到”
She writes very well seeing that English isn’t her first language.
4.for fear that “以免；惟恐”
Helen didn’t want to get out of bed for fear that she might wake her husband.
5.so that “以便于”
Sally worked late to finish her report so that her boss could read it first the nest morning.
6. in order that “为了；目的在于”
I spoke loudly at the conference in order that everyone could hear me.