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阵列成像激光雷达是激光雷达的发展方向,但受到阵列探测器和激光功率的限制,无法实现远距离的高分辨力成像。基于小面阵的块扫描激光雷达兼顾了阵列成像激光雷达的高分辨力和扫描激光雷达的远距离,成为现阶段激光雷达领域的研究热点。采用5×5的阵列雪崩光电二极管(APD)为敏感元,设计了25路并行的放大器,实现了200MHz的带宽和40dB的增益;整形电路输出信号抖动小于2ns,25路阵列计时器时钟频率达到了200MHz。利用上述器件配合高重频固体激光器和双光楔扫描器实现了小面阵块扫描激光雷达的原理实验系统,并利用该系统进行了室内距离成像实验。实验结果表明,该系统能够实现0.8m的测距精度,3°×3°的成像视场角和128pixel×128pixel的图像分辨率。根据所获得的实验结果,对于影响块扫描激光雷达成像精度的因素进行了分析。
Array imaging LIDAR is the development direction of LIDAR, however, it is unable to realize the high-resolution imaging at a long distance due to the limitation of array detector and laser power. The small area array-based lidar laser lidar has taken into consideration the high resolution of the array lidar and the long range of the lidar, and has become a research hot spot in the field of lidar. Using 5 × 5 array APD as the sensing element, 25 parallel amplifiers were designed to achieve 200MHz bandwidth and 40dB gain. The output signal jitter of the shaping circuit was less than 2ns, the clock frequency of the 25-channel array timer reached 200MHz. The principle experimental system of small area scanning LIDAR was realized by using the above mentioned devices in combination with high-frequency solid-state lasers and double optical wedge scanners. The indoor distance imaging experiment was carried out by using this system. Experimental results show that the system can achieve ranging accuracy of 0.8m, imaging angle of view of 3 ° × 3 ° and image resolution of 128pixel × 128pixel. According to the experimental results obtained, the factors influencing the imaging accuracy of LIDAR are analyzed.