论文部分内容阅读
一、单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
1. What a pity！ I in Hongkong for three more days， but something urgent needed to be handled back home.
A. must have stayed B. could have stayed
C. may have stayed D. neednt have stayed
2. good use of learning resources such as the website and library， and you will make great progress.
A. To make B. Making
C. Make D. Having made
3. —I cant believe that Jeff have quarreled and fought with his boss.
—Well， if one ask for trouble， it just cant be helped.
A. would； will B. must； may
C. should； must D. need； dare
4. A good advertisement often uses words people attach positive meanings.
A. that B. to which
C. with which D. which
5. For some people living in big cities， one thousand dollars a month is not a big fortune but will be enough to their living expenses.
A. charge B. pay
C. spend D. cover
6. Seeing the young man came late again， the boss his anger and said nothing.
A. held on B. held up
C. held out D. held back
7. These pictures， once to his new book， will make it more vivid and appealing to readers.
A. add B. to add
C. adding D. added
8. rise in carbon dioxide is causing steady increase in global warming.
A. The； a B. 不填； a
C. The； 不填 D. A； the
9. Didnt ever occur to you what the source of this saying I just quoted is？
A. this B. it
C. that D. one
10. I hope that my father will quit smoking because I want him to live my grandpa does.
A. as a long and healthy life as
B. so long and healthy a life as
C. such long and healthy a life as
D. as long and healthy a life as
11. —Would you please buy me a bright paper package when you go shopping？
—
A. Id rather you wouldnt.
B. Its OK with me.
C. What for？
D. By all means.
12. Experts think we wont have clean water to drink unless something soon， but much remains about environment protection.
A. would be done； doing
B. is done； to be done
C. will be done； to do
D. is done； to do
13. NASA has made a that our earth has no threat associated with the film 2012 which is based on pure myths.
A. clarification B. classification
C. identification D. presentation
14. —Mike， how are you getting along with your homework？ 22. A. laughing B. staring
C. glaring D. looking
23. A. funny B. frightening
C. kind D. sad
24. A. expecting B. imaging
C. knowing D. doubting
25. A. see B. touch
C. kiss D. hug
26. A. sentence B. quotes
C. saying D. words
27. A. day B. career
C. life D. age
28. A. easily B. carefully
C. differently D. seriously
29. A. quick B. soon
C. fast D. rapidly
30. A. gentler B. softer
C. tighter D. warmly
31. A. start B. turn
C. run D. wonder
32. A. Hers B. My wifes
C. Mine D. Ours
33. A. gone B. grown
C. born D. found
34. A. although B. so long as
C. when D. every time
35. A. destroyed B. beginning
C. ended D. changing
三、阅读理解（共15小题，每题2分，满分30分）
A
Monitoring global warming usually requires a Ph. D. and enough maths to glaze your eyes. But that Francisco Lopez and Ruby Nostrant track what climate change is doing to five different plants in Tucson， Arizona and they are only in the second grade.
“We are collecting data because the weather is changing and the plants are blooming，” Ruby explained.
Scores of other students at Borton Primary Magnet School and Sunnyside High School in Tucson are heading outdoors to be part of a new scientific push to figure out how the biological timing of the earth is changing. Its a research project that the average person， even a kindergartner， can join in.
The National Phenology （生物气候学） Network is calling on volunteers to help track early spring blooms and eventually changes in animals caused by global warming. Its called Project Budburst. When it was first open to the public last year， thousands of people participated in 26 states.
“All people can contribute to it by tracking the timing of flowering events or leafout events for plants and animals in their backyard，” said Phenology Network director Jake Weltzin. He calls the volunteers “citizenscientists.”
The idea is that tracking flowers blooming—especially lilacs （丁香）； which everyday people have helped track for decades—is fairly simple. The Website http：//www.Windows.ucar.edu/citizen_science/budburst/index.html gives directions on what to look for in different parts of the country.
University of Maryland professor David Inouye said its so easy to figure out whats blooming that a lack of special knowledge isnt a problem. University of Arizona ecology graduate student Lisa Benton coordinated （协调） the Tucson high school students as they looked at plants five minutes from their high school. Each student has specific guidelines and shes been happy so far with the data she is getting. For his part， secondgrader Francisco said he had fun helping out.
“I like going out in the desert，” he said. “I want to be an Einstein.”
36. Those who participate in Project Budburst are mostly .
A. ecology college graduates
B. high school students
C. common people
D. experts
37. What David Inouye says suggests that .
A. the study carried out by students is convincing
B. the students still need special training to study climate change
C. it is difficult to study climate change
D. to figure out whats blooming needs special knowledge
38. Who is primary school student joining in the Project Budburst？
A. Lisa Benton. B. David Inouye.
C. Francisco Lopez. D. Jake Weltzin.
39. We can conclude from the passage that .
A. changes in animals caused by global warming happen earlier than those in plants
B. the biological timing of earth is changing because of climate change
C. the effect of climate change in Tucson， Arizona can be hardly noticed
D. all the plants in Tucson， Arizona are blooming earlier because of climate change
B
Preface to the fourth edition
A practical English Grammar is intended for intermediate and postintermediate students. We hope that more advanced learners and teachers will also find it useful.
The book is a comprehensive survey of structures and forms， written in clear modern English and illustrated with numerous examples. Areas of particular difficulty have been given special attention. Differences between conversational usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on controversial forms.
In the fourth edition the main changes are as follows.
1. Explanation and examples have been brought up to date.
2. There is now more information on countable and uncountable nouns， attributive and predicative adjectives， adverbs of place， sentence adverbs， cleft sentences， prepositions， conjunctives， modal verbs， perfect tenses， infinitive constructions， the passive， purpose clauses and nouns.
3. Some material has been rearranged to make comparisons easier. For example， parts of chapters on can， may， must etc. are now grouped by functions； verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves； suggestions and invitations have joined the chapter on commands， requests and advice. 4. The contents list now summaries every edition heading， and there is a new index containing many more entries references.
In this edition the sign “-” is frequently used to show a change of speaker in examples of dialogue. Note also that although the sign “=”sometimes connects two words or expressions with the same meaning， it is often used more freely， e.g. to indicate a transformation from active to passive or direct to indirect speech.
We wish to thank all at Oxford University Press who have assisted in the preparation of the fourth edition. We would also like to thank Professor Egawa of Nihon University， Japan， Professor Rene Dirven of Duisburg University， West Germany and other colleagues for their friendly and helpful suggestions.
London， November 2010 A.J.T.， A.VM
40. According to the passage， we know that this grammar book .
A. compares modern English with old English
B. gives a large number of examples to reduce difficulty
C. attaches more importance to conversational forms
D. pays little attention to strict grammatical forms
41. Which of the following statements about the changes is TRUE？
A. This book keeps up with the latest usages of the America English language.
B. This edition offers more information about pronouns.
C. One particular chapter discusses verbs like “care， like， love， hate， prefer， wish”.
D. Its not easy for us to find the information we need in this book.
42. When you see this line in the book， “Did you get a ticket？ —Yes， I managed to get one”， we can understand that .
A. the two parts before and after the sign “-” mean the same
B. the topic is changed in the part after the sign “-”
C. the second speaker repeats what the first speaker says
D. the two parts before and after “-” are said by two different people
C
Sociologists have long recognized that organizations of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members. Once their size goes beyond this figure， the organizations are getting less flexible. So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting from failures of communication.
One solution to this problem would， of course， be to structure large organizations into smaller units of a size that can act as a group. By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other， larger organizations can be built up. However， merely having groups of， say， 150 will never of itself be a complete solution to the problems of the organization. Something else is needed： the people involved must be able to build direct personal relationships. To allow free flow of information， they have to be able to communicate with each other in a casual way. Maintaining too formal a structure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works. The importance of this was drawn to my attention two years ago by the case of a TV station. Whether by chance or by design， it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station. The whole process worked very smoothly as an organization for many years until they were moved into purposebuilt accommodation. Then， for no apparent reason， the work seemed to be more difficult to do， not to say less satisfying.
It was some time before they work out what the problem was. It turn out that， when the architects were designing the new building， they decided that the coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunch times was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it. And with that， they accidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the whole organization. What had apparently been happening was that， as people gathered informally over their sandwiches in the coffee room， useful information was casually being exchanged.
43. What size of an organization may lead to communication failures？
A. An organization of less than 200 individuals.
B. An organization of more than 200 individuals.
C. An organization of less than 150 individuals.
D. An organization of more than 150 individuals.
44. We can solve the communication problem within a large organization by .
A. allowing free flow of information
B. maintaining a formal structure of relationships
C. structuring larger organizations into smaller units
D. structuring smaller organizations and building direct personal relationship
45. After the TV station moved into new accommodation， its operation .
A. seemed to be more difficult
B. seemed to be more satisfying
C. seemed to be more successful
D. seemed to be more effective
46. What can be concluded from the last paragraph？
A. Its unwise to do away with the coffee room when designing a new office building.
B. The coffee room is the most important place in an office building.
C. Useful information was formally being exchanged over their sandwiches in the coffee room.
D. The coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunch times was an unnecessary luxury.
D
Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever， even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact， according to an official report on youth violence， “In our country today， the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment， but the terrible reality of violence”. Given that this is the ease， why arent students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems， drive cars， or stay physically fit？ First of all， students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example， a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults， which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isnt in the sandwich， but in the way students deal with the conflict.
Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable， they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution： stay calm. Once the student feels calmer， he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well Rude words， namecalling， and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire. On the other hand， soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After both sides have calmed down， they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution： listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side， and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward， the listener can ask nonthreatening questions to clarify the speakers position. Then the two people should change roles.
Finally， students need to consider what they are hearing. This doesnt mean trying to figure out whats wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. For example， a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these： How did this start？ What do I really want？ What am I afraid of？ As the issue becomes clearer， the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesnt， careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.
There will always be conflict in schools， but that doesnt mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program， according to Educators for Social Responsibility， “64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom； 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation； and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves”. Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends， teachers， parents， bosses， and coworkers. In that way， conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country. 47. This article is mainly about .
A. the lives of school children
B. the cause of arguments in schools
C. how to analyze youth violence
D. how to deal with school conflicts
48. From Paragraph 2 we can learn that .
A. violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime
B. a small conflict can lead to violence
C. students tend to lose their temper easily
D. the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight
49. Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5？
A. To find out who is to blame.
B. To get ready to try new things.
C. To make clear what the real issue is.
D. To figure out how to stop the shouting match.
50. The writers purpose for writing this article is to .
A. complain about problems in school education
B. teach students different strategies for school life
C. advocate teaching conflict management in schools
D. inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence
四、任务型阅读（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格处填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
True friends are rare to come by these days. Even if you believe youve connected with someone， how do you really know he is a true friend？ And often you will find that someone who you thought you could trust may have let you down. There are ways you can know if a friendship is true and how you can hold onto that friend.
A true friend is someone who will be there for you no matter what happens. Through good times and bad times，they will stand by you. They will accept you for who you are without trying to change you，and they will be there to help you grow in new ways.
Trust is another important aspect. A true friend will keep your secrets. They will be honest and be someone you can depend on. They will listen and be someone you know you can talk things over with，even if they may not have advice to share with you.
Friendship is a twoway street though. To find true friends and keep them， you must in turn be the same as well. Be there for them in their hard times and share the good times with them. Be someone your friends can depend on as well and offer them the same things they give to you. A friendship will fall apart fast if only one person is giving and putting all the effort in. If you are the only one making an effort， be honest.
There will be barriers in the road but that is the test of true friendship. If it can survive those barriers，it will be stronger and better than ever. St Thomas Aquinas said， “There is nothing on this earth more prized than friendship” and it holds true. How to find a true friend？
The writers
（51） on friends nowadays
● True friends （52） come by nowadays.
● Those who you regarded as your friends may make you （53） .
Characteristics of true friendship
● A true friend will （54） you whatever happens.
● A true friend will keep your secrets and be a good （55） .
Ways to
（56）
friendship● Stay with your friends when they are in （57） .
● Be someone who your friends can （58） .
● （59） is the key to keep a friendship if you are the only one making efforts.
Conclusion● True friendship can stand up to various （60） and grow stronger and better.
五、书面表达（满分25分）
阅读下面的短文， 然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Dear Patti，
Im writing to you for some advice on my studies. As you know， football is very popular sport in the world and I am attracted to it and I have fallen in deep love with it， which makes me so crazy. I have been spending lots of time doing many things related to it， like watching football matches， reading newspapers and magazines， and searching the Web for more information about football. As a result， it has certainly disturbed my normal study. Though I know to be a football fan is my hobby and my major objective is to learn more knowledge in school， I cant concentrate on my lessons and gradually I am tired of them. I am still a senior two middle school student， and Ill have my own business even when grow up， so I am not likely to do a job in the field of football. But now I cant stop myself from getting involved further with football. So I feel very depressed and want to know how to deal with the contradiction between my studies and hobbies.
写作内容：假设你是李明的笔友Patti，请根据他信中所诉说的苦恼回封信。以下是回信的内容 （信的开头和结尾已为你写好）：
1. 以约30个词概括李明的苦恼；2. 以约120个词发表你的看法，并包括如下要点：
（1） 你认为李明应该如何处理好他的学习和业余爱好的关系，并说明你的理由；
（2） 表达你对他的希望；
写作要求：
2. 可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；
3. 信中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
Dear Li Ming，
Thank you for your letter. From your letter， Ive known something about your situation.
Yours sincerely，
Patti
参考答案
一、1—5 BCCBD 6—10 DDABD 11—15 DBAAD
二、16—20 DBCAB 21—25 ABACB26—30 DCCBC 31—35 BCACD
三、36—39 CACB 40—42 CCD 43—46 BDAA 47—50 DBCC
四、51. opinions / views / viewpoints 52. rarely / seldom / hardly / infrequently 53. disappointed54. support 55. listener 56. keep / hold / maintain 57. trouble / difficulty / hardship / misfortune / need 58. trust 59. Honesty 60. tests / barriers 五、One possible version：
Dear Li Ming，
Thank you for your letter. From your letter， Ive known something about your situation.
You are very depressed because of the contradiction that you cant tear yourself away from football， which has been disturbing you so much that you cant concentrate on your lessons.
Hobbies are very important to a person， without which life wont be as colorful as it should be. They cant cheer you up and improve your comprehensive abilities， but they also require time and devotion. You are still a student， whose main task should be gaining knowledge， so you must know which is more important to do in different life periods； otherwise you would regret having been too much addicted to that in the future.
A hobby is like gold under the ground， for it will not come to you unless you dig it out yourself. If you can treat your study as one of your hobbies， it will be more enjoyable. I hope you can find yourself in the right place and have fun from your study. （158 words）
Yours sincerely，
Patti
（作者：李东，昆山市第一中学）
1. What a pity！ I in Hongkong for three more days， but something urgent needed to be handled back home.
A. must have stayed B. could have stayed
C. may have stayed D. neednt have stayed
2. good use of learning resources such as the website and library， and you will make great progress.
A. To make B. Making
C. Make D. Having made
3. —I cant believe that Jeff have quarreled and fought with his boss.
—Well， if one ask for trouble， it just cant be helped.
A. would； will B. must； may
C. should； must D. need； dare
4. A good advertisement often uses words people attach positive meanings.
A. that B. to which
C. with which D. which
5. For some people living in big cities， one thousand dollars a month is not a big fortune but will be enough to their living expenses.
A. charge B. pay
C. spend D. cover
6. Seeing the young man came late again， the boss his anger and said nothing.
A. held on B. held up
C. held out D. held back
7. These pictures， once to his new book， will make it more vivid and appealing to readers.
A. add B. to add
C. adding D. added
8. rise in carbon dioxide is causing steady increase in global warming.
A. The； a B. 不填； a
C. The； 不填 D. A； the
9. Didnt ever occur to you what the source of this saying I just quoted is？
A. this B. it
C. that D. one
10. I hope that my father will quit smoking because I want him to live my grandpa does.
A. as a long and healthy life as
B. so long and healthy a life as
C. such long and healthy a life as
D. as long and healthy a life as
11. —Would you please buy me a bright paper package when you go shopping？
—
A. Id rather you wouldnt.
B. Its OK with me.
C. What for？
D. By all means.
12. Experts think we wont have clean water to drink unless something soon， but much remains about environment protection.
A. would be done； doing
B. is done； to be done
C. will be done； to do
D. is done； to do
13. NASA has made a that our earth has no threat associated with the film 2012 which is based on pure myths.
A. clarification B. classification
C. identification D. presentation
14. —Mike， how are you getting along with your homework？ 22. A. laughing B. staring
C. glaring D. looking
23. A. funny B. frightening
C. kind D. sad
24. A. expecting B. imaging
C. knowing D. doubting
25. A. see B. touch
C. kiss D. hug
26. A. sentence B. quotes
C. saying D. words
27. A. day B. career
C. life D. age
28. A. easily B. carefully
C. differently D. seriously
29. A. quick B. soon
C. fast D. rapidly
30. A. gentler B. softer
C. tighter D. warmly
31. A. start B. turn
C. run D. wonder
32. A. Hers B. My wifes
C. Mine D. Ours
33. A. gone B. grown
C. born D. found
34. A. although B. so long as
C. when D. every time
35. A. destroyed B. beginning
C. ended D. changing
三、阅读理解（共15小题，每题2分，满分30分）
A
Monitoring global warming usually requires a Ph. D. and enough maths to glaze your eyes. But that Francisco Lopez and Ruby Nostrant track what climate change is doing to five different plants in Tucson， Arizona and they are only in the second grade.
“We are collecting data because the weather is changing and the plants are blooming，” Ruby explained.
Scores of other students at Borton Primary Magnet School and Sunnyside High School in Tucson are heading outdoors to be part of a new scientific push to figure out how the biological timing of the earth is changing. Its a research project that the average person， even a kindergartner， can join in.
The National Phenology （生物气候学） Network is calling on volunteers to help track early spring blooms and eventually changes in animals caused by global warming. Its called Project Budburst. When it was first open to the public last year， thousands of people participated in 26 states.
“All people can contribute to it by tracking the timing of flowering events or leafout events for plants and animals in their backyard，” said Phenology Network director Jake Weltzin. He calls the volunteers “citizenscientists.”
The idea is that tracking flowers blooming—especially lilacs （丁香）； which everyday people have helped track for decades—is fairly simple. The Website http：//www.Windows.ucar.edu/citizen_science/budburst/index.html gives directions on what to look for in different parts of the country.
University of Maryland professor David Inouye said its so easy to figure out whats blooming that a lack of special knowledge isnt a problem. University of Arizona ecology graduate student Lisa Benton coordinated （协调） the Tucson high school students as they looked at plants five minutes from their high school. Each student has specific guidelines and shes been happy so far with the data she is getting. For his part， secondgrader Francisco said he had fun helping out.
“I like going out in the desert，” he said. “I want to be an Einstein.”
36. Those who participate in Project Budburst are mostly .
A. ecology college graduates
B. high school students
C. common people
D. experts
37. What David Inouye says suggests that .
A. the study carried out by students is convincing
B. the students still need special training to study climate change
C. it is difficult to study climate change
D. to figure out whats blooming needs special knowledge
38. Who is primary school student joining in the Project Budburst？
A. Lisa Benton. B. David Inouye.
C. Francisco Lopez. D. Jake Weltzin.
39. We can conclude from the passage that .
A. changes in animals caused by global warming happen earlier than those in plants
B. the biological timing of earth is changing because of climate change
C. the effect of climate change in Tucson， Arizona can be hardly noticed
D. all the plants in Tucson， Arizona are blooming earlier because of climate change
B
Preface to the fourth edition
A practical English Grammar is intended for intermediate and postintermediate students. We hope that more advanced learners and teachers will also find it useful.
The book is a comprehensive survey of structures and forms， written in clear modern English and illustrated with numerous examples. Areas of particular difficulty have been given special attention. Differences between conversational usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on controversial forms.
In the fourth edition the main changes are as follows.
1. Explanation and examples have been brought up to date.
2. There is now more information on countable and uncountable nouns， attributive and predicative adjectives， adverbs of place， sentence adverbs， cleft sentences， prepositions， conjunctives， modal verbs， perfect tenses， infinitive constructions， the passive， purpose clauses and nouns.
3. Some material has been rearranged to make comparisons easier. For example， parts of chapters on can， may， must etc. are now grouped by functions； verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves； suggestions and invitations have joined the chapter on commands， requests and advice. 4. The contents list now summaries every edition heading， and there is a new index containing many more entries references.
In this edition the sign “-” is frequently used to show a change of speaker in examples of dialogue. Note also that although the sign “=”sometimes connects two words or expressions with the same meaning， it is often used more freely， e.g. to indicate a transformation from active to passive or direct to indirect speech.
We wish to thank all at Oxford University Press who have assisted in the preparation of the fourth edition. We would also like to thank Professor Egawa of Nihon University， Japan， Professor Rene Dirven of Duisburg University， West Germany and other colleagues for their friendly and helpful suggestions.
London， November 2010 A.J.T.， A.VM
40. According to the passage， we know that this grammar book .
A. compares modern English with old English
B. gives a large number of examples to reduce difficulty
C. attaches more importance to conversational forms
D. pays little attention to strict grammatical forms
41. Which of the following statements about the changes is TRUE？
A. This book keeps up with the latest usages of the America English language.
B. This edition offers more information about pronouns.
C. One particular chapter discusses verbs like “care， like， love， hate， prefer， wish”.
D. Its not easy for us to find the information we need in this book.
42. When you see this line in the book， “Did you get a ticket？ —Yes， I managed to get one”， we can understand that .
A. the two parts before and after the sign “-” mean the same
B. the topic is changed in the part after the sign “-”
C. the second speaker repeats what the first speaker says
D. the two parts before and after “-” are said by two different people
C
Sociologists have long recognized that organizations of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members. Once their size goes beyond this figure， the organizations are getting less flexible. So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting from failures of communication.
One solution to this problem would， of course， be to structure large organizations into smaller units of a size that can act as a group. By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other， larger organizations can be built up. However， merely having groups of， say， 150 will never of itself be a complete solution to the problems of the organization. Something else is needed： the people involved must be able to build direct personal relationships. To allow free flow of information， they have to be able to communicate with each other in a casual way. Maintaining too formal a structure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works. The importance of this was drawn to my attention two years ago by the case of a TV station. Whether by chance or by design， it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station. The whole process worked very smoothly as an organization for many years until they were moved into purposebuilt accommodation. Then， for no apparent reason， the work seemed to be more difficult to do， not to say less satisfying.
It was some time before they work out what the problem was. It turn out that， when the architects were designing the new building， they decided that the coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunch times was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it. And with that， they accidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the whole organization. What had apparently been happening was that， as people gathered informally over their sandwiches in the coffee room， useful information was casually being exchanged.
43. What size of an organization may lead to communication failures？
A. An organization of less than 200 individuals.
B. An organization of more than 200 individuals.
C. An organization of less than 150 individuals.
D. An organization of more than 150 individuals.
44. We can solve the communication problem within a large organization by .
A. allowing free flow of information
B. maintaining a formal structure of relationships
C. structuring larger organizations into smaller units
D. structuring smaller organizations and building direct personal relationship
45. After the TV station moved into new accommodation， its operation .
A. seemed to be more difficult
B. seemed to be more satisfying
C. seemed to be more successful
D. seemed to be more effective
46. What can be concluded from the last paragraph？
A. Its unwise to do away with the coffee room when designing a new office building.
B. The coffee room is the most important place in an office building.
C. Useful information was formally being exchanged over their sandwiches in the coffee room.
D. The coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunch times was an unnecessary luxury.
D
Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever， even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact， according to an official report on youth violence， “In our country today， the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment， but the terrible reality of violence”. Given that this is the ease， why arent students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems， drive cars， or stay physically fit？ First of all， students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example， a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults， which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isnt in the sandwich， but in the way students deal with the conflict.
Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable， they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution： stay calm. Once the student feels calmer， he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well Rude words， namecalling， and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire. On the other hand， soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After both sides have calmed down， they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution： listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side， and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward， the listener can ask nonthreatening questions to clarify the speakers position. Then the two people should change roles.
Finally， students need to consider what they are hearing. This doesnt mean trying to figure out whats wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. For example， a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these： How did this start？ What do I really want？ What am I afraid of？ As the issue becomes clearer， the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesnt， careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.
There will always be conflict in schools， but that doesnt mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program， according to Educators for Social Responsibility， “64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom； 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation； and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves”. Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends， teachers， parents， bosses， and coworkers. In that way， conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country. 47. This article is mainly about .
A. the lives of school children
B. the cause of arguments in schools
C. how to analyze youth violence
D. how to deal with school conflicts
48. From Paragraph 2 we can learn that .
A. violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime
B. a small conflict can lead to violence
C. students tend to lose their temper easily
D. the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight
49. Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5？
A. To find out who is to blame.
B. To get ready to try new things.
C. To make clear what the real issue is.
D. To figure out how to stop the shouting match.
50. The writers purpose for writing this article is to .
A. complain about problems in school education
B. teach students different strategies for school life
C. advocate teaching conflict management in schools
D. inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence
四、任务型阅读（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格处填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
True friends are rare to come by these days. Even if you believe youve connected with someone， how do you really know he is a true friend？ And often you will find that someone who you thought you could trust may have let you down. There are ways you can know if a friendship is true and how you can hold onto that friend.
A true friend is someone who will be there for you no matter what happens. Through good times and bad times，they will stand by you. They will accept you for who you are without trying to change you，and they will be there to help you grow in new ways.
Trust is another important aspect. A true friend will keep your secrets. They will be honest and be someone you can depend on. They will listen and be someone you know you can talk things over with，even if they may not have advice to share with you.
Friendship is a twoway street though. To find true friends and keep them， you must in turn be the same as well. Be there for them in their hard times and share the good times with them. Be someone your friends can depend on as well and offer them the same things they give to you. A friendship will fall apart fast if only one person is giving and putting all the effort in. If you are the only one making an effort， be honest.
There will be barriers in the road but that is the test of true friendship. If it can survive those barriers，it will be stronger and better than ever. St Thomas Aquinas said， “There is nothing on this earth more prized than friendship” and it holds true. How to find a true friend？
The writers
（51） on friends nowadays
● True friends （52） come by nowadays.
● Those who you regarded as your friends may make you （53） .
Characteristics of true friendship
● A true friend will （54） you whatever happens.
● A true friend will keep your secrets and be a good （55） .
Ways to
（56）
friendship● Stay with your friends when they are in （57） .
● Be someone who your friends can （58） .
● （59） is the key to keep a friendship if you are the only one making efforts.
Conclusion● True friendship can stand up to various （60） and grow stronger and better.
五、书面表达（满分25分）
阅读下面的短文， 然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Dear Patti，
Im writing to you for some advice on my studies. As you know， football is very popular sport in the world and I am attracted to it and I have fallen in deep love with it， which makes me so crazy. I have been spending lots of time doing many things related to it， like watching football matches， reading newspapers and magazines， and searching the Web for more information about football. As a result， it has certainly disturbed my normal study. Though I know to be a football fan is my hobby and my major objective is to learn more knowledge in school， I cant concentrate on my lessons and gradually I am tired of them. I am still a senior two middle school student， and Ill have my own business even when grow up， so I am not likely to do a job in the field of football. But now I cant stop myself from getting involved further with football. So I feel very depressed and want to know how to deal with the contradiction between my studies and hobbies.
写作内容：假设你是李明的笔友Patti，请根据他信中所诉说的苦恼回封信。以下是回信的内容 （信的开头和结尾已为你写好）：
1. 以约30个词概括李明的苦恼；2. 以约120个词发表你的看法，并包括如下要点：
（1） 你认为李明应该如何处理好他的学习和业余爱好的关系，并说明你的理由；
（2） 表达你对他的希望；
写作要求：
2. 可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；
3. 信中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
Dear Li Ming，
Thank you for your letter. From your letter， Ive known something about your situation.
Yours sincerely，
Patti
参考答案
一、1—5 BCCBD 6—10 DDABD 11—15 DBAAD
二、16—20 DBCAB 21—25 ABACB26—30 DCCBC 31—35 BCACD
三、36—39 CACB 40—42 CCD 43—46 BDAA 47—50 DBCC
四、51. opinions / views / viewpoints 52. rarely / seldom / hardly / infrequently 53. disappointed54. support 55. listener 56. keep / hold / maintain 57. trouble / difficulty / hardship / misfortune / need 58. trust 59. Honesty 60. tests / barriers 五、One possible version：
Dear Li Ming，
Thank you for your letter. From your letter， Ive known something about your situation.
You are very depressed because of the contradiction that you cant tear yourself away from football， which has been disturbing you so much that you cant concentrate on your lessons.
Hobbies are very important to a person， without which life wont be as colorful as it should be. They cant cheer you up and improve your comprehensive abilities， but they also require time and devotion. You are still a student， whose main task should be gaining knowledge， so you must know which is more important to do in different life periods； otherwise you would regret having been too much addicted to that in the future.
A hobby is like gold under the ground， for it will not come to you unless you dig it out yourself. If you can treat your study as one of your hobbies， it will be more enjoyable. I hope you can find yourself in the right place and have fun from your study. （158 words）
Yours sincerely，
Patti
（作者：李东，昆山市第一中学）