美学是哲学的一个部门,是艺术上的一种反省。如果把哲学理解为心灵上的自我反省,那么科学上的和艺术上的反省便成了它的两个最主要的部门。因此,作为哲学的美学当前最突出的和最现实的问题应该包括:从深度方面去研究心灵在其一切领域中的纯粹艺术活动;研究从史前时代直到今天蕴藏在艺术作品中的一切精神财富并使他们明了易解;通过艺术征象这个办法来探究心灵和人类的未来发展。美学是一门实证的、自主的学科。从电影学、音乐学、绘画学等等当中去弄清楚一部电影、一支奏鸣曲、一幅绘画怎样“构成整体”,特别是要了解这些作为论据的事实在为了达到总的效果而进行合作时的那些大胆的或微妙的关系,这样,就能够使我们从其中找出明确的规律。美学在这里往往只是把艺术家个人在艺术实践中所获得的经验重新发掘,很好地整理和提高,而且使它成为可以传授的东西。美学是各种学科提供的材料的综合。到底是美学附属于其他学科,还是其他学科附属于美学?这样的问题讨论起来是不会有结果的。在人类活动中忘记去注意美学现象的散布是不可能的,而且是极其不利的。美学本身比较谦虚,它只探究真实的积极的一面;忽视美学,不仅剥夺了真实的最宝贵的一种价值,而且阻止了它和人类灵魂发生一种最有效的友情。 Aesthetics is a department of philosophy and an artistic reflection. If philosophical understanding is spiritual self-reflection, scientific and artistic introspection becomes its two most important departments. Therefore, the most prominent and most current issues currently facing philosophical aesthetics should include: studying the pure artistic activities of the soul in all its fields from a deep perspective; studying all the spiritual wealth contained in the works of art from prehistoric times up to today Make them plain and easy to understand; explore the future development of the mind and humanity through artistic signs. Aesthetics is an empirical and autonomous discipline. From film studies, musicology, painting and so on to find out a movie, a sonata, a painting how to “make up the whole”, especially to understand these facts as arguments in order to achieve the total effect of cooperation When those bold or subtle relations, so that we can find a clear law from which. Aesthetics here often only re-explores the artist’s personal experience gained in artistic practice, well organized and improved, and makes it something that can be imparted. Aesthetics is the synthesis of materials provided by various disciplines. Are aesthetics attached to other disciplines, or are other disciplines affiliated to aesthetics? There is no discussion of such problems. It is impossible to forget to pay attention to the spread of aesthetic phenomena in human activities and it is extremely unfavorable. Aesthetics itself is more modest; it only looks at the real positive side; neglecting aesthetics not only deprives the most valuable real value but also prevents it from forming the most effective friendship with the human soul.