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意识形态的解释,是马克思主义的重大命题。马克思恩格斯在创建历史唯物主义的科学探索中,在对德国为代表的整个资本主义社会文化的批判中,始终将意识形态问题的唯物主义究诘作为与唯心主义斗争的焦点。他们执守“人们的社会存在决定人们的意识”这一根本思想原则,从经济生活、政治生活、精神生活的相互联系界说意识形态的反应机制和社会功能;从社会意识与社会主体互生成、互规定的关系界说意识形态的主体性机制和阶级属性;从社会意识的存在样式及其知、行关系界说意识形态的认识特征和实践性品格。由此,构建了解释意识形态现象的三大向度与九个视角,阐明了理解意识形态的思想原理和科学方法。
Ideological explanation is a major proposition of Marxism. In the scientific exploration of creating historical materialism and in the criticism of the entire capitalist social culture represented by Germany, Marx and Engels always regarded the materialistic study of ideological issues as the focus of their struggle with idealism. They insist on the basic ideological principle that “people’s social existence determines people’s consciousness,” and define the reaction mechanism and social function of ideology from the interrelationship of economic life, political life and spiritual life. From the perspectives of social consciousness and social subjects Inter-generation and interdependence of the relationship between the definition of the subjectivity of the ideological class and class attributes; social presence from the style of knowing and knowing, the relationship between the ideological understanding of the characteristics and practicality of the character. As a result, three major dimensions and nine perspectives explaining the ideological phenomenon have been constructed, and the ideological principles and scientific methods for understanding ideology have been clarified.