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核能的开发及其在发电方面的应用,以及放射性同位素在医学与研究领域的应用,都产生放射性废物。其中有些废物已经进入了海洋环境。导致海洋环境污染的人类活动可分为五大类: ·核武器爆炸——大气层试验和水下试验: ·核电厂、后处理厂、工矿企业,医院、科研中心和核武器设施产生的低放液体废物的受控排放; ·上述部门和设施产生的低放废物的海底处置(通常是桶装的); ·切尔诺贝利这类核电事故使放射性核素直接沉入当地海域和沉积在其集水区域; ·涉及放射性物质的事故,例如,核动力潜艇之类的舰船或装载核燃料的
The development of nuclear energy and its applications in power generation, as well as the application of radioisotopes in medicine and research, have resulted in radioactive waste. Some of these wastes have entered the marine environment. Human activities that cause pollution of the marine environment can be divided into five broad categories: • Nuclear explosions - atmospheric tests and submarine tests: • Low-level liquid waste from nuclear power plants, reprocessing plants, industrial and mining enterprises, hospitals, research centers and nuclear weapons facilities Controlled sewers; • seabed disposal (usually barreled) of low-level waste generated by the above-mentioned sectors and facilities; • nuclear incidents such as Chernobyl directly subside radionuclides into the local waters and deposits on their catchment Area; • Accidents involving radioactive material, such as ships such as nuclear-powered submarines or nuclear-powered