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外科手术仍然是治疗肝细胞癌（HCC）最主要的手段，但外科手术的低切除率和高复发率，迫使人们深入研究HCC的发病、转移和侵袭过程中的分子机制，来开发更有效的早期诊断和治疗手段。通过复习相关文献，系统总结了部分HCC相关的主要信号通路及对应的分子靶向治疗研究新进展，包括PI3K／AKT／mTOR信号通路、RAS／RAF／MEK／ERK信号通路、VEGF／VEGFR、PDG-FR、FGFR信号通路等，并对HCC分子靶向治疗的研究方向进行了展望。“,”Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)is the most common malignancy in the liver,for which surgical operation remains the primary treatment.However,the surgical treatment is associated with low resection rate and high recurrence rate,which drive studies on the mole-cule mechanism of initiation,metastasis,and invasion of HCC,in order to develop more effective early diagnosis and treatment methods.By reviewing related literature,this article summarizes the major signaling pathways related to HCC,such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway,RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway,and VEGF/VEGFR,PDGFR,and FGFR signaling pathway.New advances in the cor-responding molecular targeted therapy for HCC are described,and the perspectives on future direction of relevant research are discussed.