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输尿管因外伤造成缺损或因疾病而必需部份或全部切除输尿管时需应用输尿管皮肤造口术、肾造瘘术等以解决尿液的引流问题。有时也采用肠道代替输尿管或以膀胱瓣与输尿管吻合术等进行治疗。但是,这些手术都有一定的缺点。40—50年代,国外曾用Vitallium、Tantalum、Polyvinyl和聚乙烯等合成材料制造输尿管的替代物,均因感染、尿盐沉着及移位等问题而失败。60年代开始使用硅橡胶、聚四氟乙的(Teflon)、dacron、尼龙、Gore-Tex等代替输尿管,
Ureteral defect caused by trauma or due to illness and the need for partial or total removal of the ureter required the application of ureteral skin ostomy, nephrostomy, etc. to solve the problem of drainage of urine. Sometimes the intestine instead of the ureter or the bladder flap and ureter anastomosis and other treatment. However, these procedures all have some drawbacks. In the 1950s and 1950s, ureteral substitutes were manufactured in countries such as Vitallium, Tantalum, Polyvinyl and polyethylene, all of which failed because of infection, urinary salt deposition and displacement. 60’s began to use silicone rubber, PTFE (Teflon), dacron, nylon, Gore-Tex instead of ureters,