古典经济理论认为,在“理性人”和完全竞争等苛刻的假设条件下,市场经济能够在自发运行的过程中,使社会资源达到Pareto最优配置状态。但是,这样的期望难以实现。在许多领域,市场机制本身并不能得到充分、有效的发挥,从而“天然”达到有效配置资源的结果。笔者认为,国防领域“市场失灵”的现象同样普遍存在,并且具有独特性。军方应采取如下主要对策,以协助政府消除或缓解国防领域的“市场失灵”问题。 Classical economic theory holds that under the harsh assumptions of “rational man” and perfect competition, the market economy can make the social resources achieve the optimal allocation of Pareto in the process of spontaneous operation. However, such expectations are hard to come by. In many areas, the market mechanism itself can not be fully and effectively utilized to “naturally” reach the result of an effective allocation of resources. The author believes that the phenomenon of “market failure” in the field of national defense is equally prevalent and unique. The military should adopt the following major measures to help the government eliminate or ease the issue of “market failure” in the field of national defense.