碘是人体必需的微量元素,是合成甲状腺激素的重要来源。碘不足或者碘过量均会对人体产生危害。碘不足可导致甲状腺肿大、甲状腺功能减退(简称甲减)、克汀病、孕妇自然流产、死胎,围产期婴儿死亡率增加,儿童生长发育迟缓等[1-3]。孕期碘缺乏还会导致母亲流产、死胎的风险增加,胎儿智力发育 Iodine is an essential trace element of the human body, is an important source of thyroid hormone synthesis. Iodine deficiency or iodine excess can cause harm to the human body. Iodine deficiency can lead to goiter, hypothyroidism (abbreviated hypothyroidism), cretinism, pregnant women spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, increased perinatal infant mortality, growth and retardation of children [1-3]. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy can also lead to mother miscarriage, increased risk of stillbirth, and fetal mental development