(一) 现代化建设,主要是改造客观物质世界,我们可称这种改造为“化物”,但化物必须“化人”,即提高人们自身的文化、科学素质。这是因为,一个国家文化、科学的发展虽然受经济发展水平的制约,但它又是决定经济发展水平的一个重要条件。人是生产力的首要的和能动的要素,化物要靠人去化。因此,一个国家经济发展所能达到的水平,总是与人们自身发展所达到的水平大体同步、大体一致的。进行生产活动的人们,文化、科学水 (1) The modernization drive mainly aims at transforming the objective material world. We can call this transformation a “chemical substance,” but the chemical substance must “transform people”, that is, to raise people’s own cultural and scientific qualities. This is because although the development of a country’s culture and science is constrained by the level of economic development, it is an important condition for determining the level of economic development. Human beings are the primary and active elements of productivity, and people rely on human beings. Therefore, the level to which a country can achieve economic development is always in line with the level reached by people in their own development and is generally in agreement. People who carry out productive activities, cultural and scientific water